What Means What Essay Example For Students

What Means What Essay Rudy YurkovichWho Said What MeansAsk yourselves these questions before you read Kincaids Girl, Do you know what a housewife is, being a student or child, getting advice from an elder, and being called something that you are not? What is this storys about is it a story at all or just a poem in essay form? What kind of mood are you in right now to decipher this story in your own words? The story depends on the mood you are in and change the whole perception of this story. Then again, isnt that what writing is about to begin with? Interpret the story as Mr. Hass told us to do, I did, but I analyzed it as a poem looking for an underlying meaning. There had to be much more than what there than what was told to us. I had a totally different perception. After the discussion, it seemed relevant for me to understand the story in a different way. But, I thought it was a mother to daughter talk. The daughter talk (my interpretation of the narration) was commands that her mom was saying. The adv ice told to her was not to become a slut, which was repeated several times in this story. But the question I ask you is, this present situation in the girls life, or was it a recollection of one that she had before with her mother?Is this story taking place in present time or in the past? It could be in the present with a young girl but I also came to the conclusion that this could be in the past and the italicized words could keep repeating in her mothers forgotten speech. Now is when she needs her mothers comfort and not only that what she wished at the time of the talk. In the other perspective though it could be in the present time and just be recalled by the narrator to opens ones imagination to make them draw their own conclusions. We will write a custom essay on What Means What specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Is story a poem or is it a story, isnt this story just a page with sentences making thoughts about a person to another person. Well that is what I got out of it and now I can only get more confused thinking of it, the story is so broad anyones interpretation could be perceived as correct. Not only that the story can change with each person, it also changes with the readers mood at that point time, not only that try to analyze it and your mind just wonders with the choices that Kincaid gives you. Besides that interpret it after all the thoughts thrown around in class. After reading the story I thought about it, and all the statements that were discussed. I sat back and tried to figure it all out. I came to the conclusion that the mother was upset at something that the girl had done. It could have been the first time the girl had a boyfriend, or maybe it was something a little more serious. For instance it seems like the mother is real hyper and frustrated at something. She keeps reprimanding the girl and saying, Dont become a slut and dont become a troublemaker, especially singing your music in church (Kincaid p. 430). But, the girl defends herself in the first italicized print saying I dont sing benna on Sundays at all and never in Sunday school (p. 430). Saying, No mom I do not do what you might think I do ever and never in the house of God (p. 430). This could be related to religion but I dont think religion has anything really significant to do in the story. There is a sentence in the story that makes me feel the way I do about it. .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 , .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 .postImageUrl , .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 , .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5:hover , .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5:visited , .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5:active { border:0!important; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5:active , .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5 .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d308f2eedd716802da50cbb8e2c3ec5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Procrastination and regrets EssayReligion might or might not be relevant in the story. I am leaning towards not being relevant because it is such a broad subject for such a short story. I just wasnt to touch on something like sex, which is all over the bible with premarital sex and with being sinners in general. Meaning nothing more than what common man is sinners and that is bringing her mother not to become something that will be regretful and cant be taken back. Meaning that whatever she does do she might look back at it and not have the same feeling like she did before whatever she did at that time. It is more just good parenting on the mothers side than anything else might be. Showing that tender loving care that a parent should have but with the sterness to make her think twice in the event of a situation brought upon her. Knowing what the mother has said and the outcome of the story I think strongly that she will think righteously. In closing the girl seems not to be what the mother makes her out to be. I believe the ending has a double meaning with a sexual connotation in it dealing with the baker and the bakers bread. My interpretation, the daughter will uphold her mother and fathers honor.In summary the mother is reprimanding the daughter for something that wasnt actually done. The daughter says something at the end to the mother. The mother is stunned with the reaction, giving the daughter a cleared name and New Hope. With the final conclusion ending up being that mother is narrating the story. Leaving the story so braid the interpretations is ones own personal view and also ones mood that day. This story is one that I can strongly say everyone can relate to with your parents lecturing on some subject either it is for the good or for the bad it is hard to tell. You can tell me your interpretation on the narrator and or the daughter situation. It would maybe shed more light on the confusion that I have in th is story. Having all the different choices you and I could make between the narrators who in it what they are trying to say and what they mean when they say what. Words/ Pages : 1,036 / 24

Stereotypes of American Citizens

Stereotypes of American Citizens The American citizens have diverse stereotypes that emanate from their inherent attributes such as gender, race, ethnicity, culture, occupation, and/or ancestral origin. McAndrew and Akande lament that in the United States, African Americans are the most stereotyped due to racial discrimination and the dark history of slavery (650). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes of American Citizens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The whites see African Americans as poor, lazy, superstitious, primitive, and criminal race. Western stereotypes depict Native Americans as fierce warriors, violent, criminals, drunkards, primitive and hunters, while European Americans stereotypes are intellectual, rich, racists, powerful, hardworking and innovative in their occupations. Primitivism, criminals, illegal immigrants, smugglers, terrorists and actors are the major stereotypes associated with the Latino Americans. The westerners also portray Asian Americas as culture oriented, intruders, intelligent, innovative, sexually active, and hardworking. The westerners also view Middle East Americans as Muslims, moneyed, terrorists, bombers, thieves, and murders. Gender stereotypes in the United States reflects men as tall, huge, quiet and powerful while women are tall, slim, talkative and less powerful. Given the diversity of stereotypes that the Americans hold about each racial group, how do they affect effective communication? Stereotypes of various racial groups in the United States occur in the literature, media and comedies. The media constantly portray certain attributes and characters associated with given racial groups, thus changing the perceptions of Americans resulting into stereotypes. In schools, literature and socialization generates more stereotypes of various races. From the stereotyped attributes, I realized that the most prominent stereotypes about certain race are the negative ones implying th at stereotyping is degradation of real attributes concerning specific groups. I discovered that stereotypes do not reflect the true and accurate attributes of a particular race or ethnic group because they are forms of criticism, which always tend to portray real attributes of the people in the most negative way possible. Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the society, people form stereotypes to criticize, abuse, or even defame others in social and political arenas. Stereotypes are common during times of social unrest, political campaigns, games and other social gathering. Since stereotypes involve defamation, abuse and criticism, they are unfair because they negatively portray true attributes of the people. Stereotypes such as primitiveness and naivety interfere with successful communication because the person communicating sees the other as someone who does not understand t he topic or the context of discussion and this degrading perspective contravenes existence of any meaningful engagement. Eventually, the communicating partners would not communicate effectively due to the stereotypes. Moreover, since stereotypes due to racial differences tend to classify people into stereotyped groups, the most negatively stereotyped group would feel degraded and develop fears, which would significantly interfere with effective intergroup communication. Stereotypes such as criminality, violence, and terrorism associated with particular races scare other racial group and prevent friendly interaction, which interferes with effective interracial communication. Understanding one’s stereotypes and those associated with other racial or ethnic groups would enhance effective communication. For effective communication to occur, one should be able to indentify offending stereotyped language and character in order to avoid annoying others who perceive such stereotypes as offensive. Nurturing of positive stereotypes about certain racial or ethnic group enhances socialization and thus effective communication. For example, identifying with cultural lifestyles of particular racial or ethnic groups promotes intercultural interaction, which ultimately improves effective communication. Stereotyping affects relationship among friends; for instance, one day my friends teased me that I looked like a Negro and went further to discusses how Negroes are presumably primitive, naà ¯ve and poor. This experience heralded the death of our relationship even though the perpetrators of the same were my very close friends. We almost fought and for the first time I hated my friends for upholding misconstrued opinions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes of American Citizens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More McAndrew, Frank, and Akande, Antoun. African of Americans of African and European De scent. Journal of Social Psychology 135.5 (1995): 649–655.

Web-Based Distance Learning Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Web-Based Distance Learning Project - Assignment Example 29 Oct 2007 A Business Model with ERD and normalization. 5 November 2007 Design logical database design & development. 19 November 2007 Testing business rules and data integrity. 10 December 2007 Interim Report 8 January 2007 Interface Design and form development. 22 January 2007 Trigger design and implementation. 4 February 2007 Testing and validating the trigger codes of different units. 18 February 2007 Report requirements and design. 4 March 2007 Physical database design 18 March 2007 Final system documentation & user manual. 4 April 2007 Margin for any contingency 5 April 2007 - 15 April 2007 Final Report 24 April 2007 Live demonstration. The presentation should demonstrate the most interesting and attractive implementation features and functions of University Information System. 5 May 2007 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT: Following are the resource requirement for this project: Hardware Requirements: The hardware requirements for this project are as follows: Processor (atleast Pentium III, 733 MHz) RAM (the minimum RAM requirement is 128 MB. However, the RAM of 512 is recommended) Hard Disk (The required capacity of hard disk depends on the amount of data to be saved. But on minimum side 40 GB hard disk is required) LAN Card or Modem is also required. Besides, the general accessories of a standard PC will also be required. The university will not be required to arrange for these requirements. Software Requirements: The softwares required for this project are: MS Access - this is required for the actual development of the database. MS Visio - this is required to develop the logical diagram / model for the structure of the database MS Word - this is required for the documentation purposes Macromedia Dreamweaver - this is...The concept of distance learning was still there even before the intervention of technology in the field of education, but it gained momentum, when technology was applied to make the system of distance learning more effective. As a result of this intervention, distance learning has now become one of the most prominent areas of education and learning, where the application of the technology is at its peak. Furthermore, the more technology is applied in right direction, the more distance learning will get popular. This project would be yet another step into that progress. The outcome of this project would be an MS-Access based Tutorial database. As tutorials are major source of learning for distance learners, thus this product will be helpful to them to a great extent. The aim of this project is to develop a database of tutorials for the distant learners. This database tutorial is a web-based tutorial. The user of this database will be provided with the user interface in order to fetch the information through queries and add, edit or delete the tutorials. A reporting module will also be added into the database. Besides, there are some other technical requirements too. Such requirements include the internet connectivity, the relevant drivers required for the database and its cross platform interaction with the web based front end.

Technology management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technology management - Assignment Example (Use that answer to explain you decision as CEO) Spreading breweries all over China is a better than building one huge brewery because of a breakdown of one of the breweries others will serve the market with the product. Anheuser-Busch InBev has the largest brewery in the world and it has managed to get its products worldwide through establishment of several branches of breweries in many nations. Setting up several branches has enabled the company to cut down the cost of exporting the products from a single source (Esterl, 2013). Partnering of Anheuser-Busch InBev with already established brewers in China is a perfect idea as it assists the company to market its brands along with already products in the market. The idea also reduces competition that the rival companies may offer in the market as the completion may lower profits (Esterl, 2013). Off shoring is a way of outsourcing an enterprise in another nation to enhance the growth of the company. For instance, Anheuser-Busch InBev Company setting up its breweries in china is a form of off shoring in order to tap a market that other brewers have not fully satisfied with the product (Esterl, 2013). The top five beer consuming countries in terms of the total amounts of beer drink are, China, America, Brazil, Germany and Russia. The best strategy for the InBev company to market its products in one of these heavy beer consuming nations is by partnering with the local beer producing companies to ease competition of its products with the local rivals in that country (Esterl,

Differences of the psychodynamic and behavioural approaches

Differences of the psychodynamic and behavioural approaches While psychodynamic and behavioural approaches are the two major approaches to personality, they view personality from different perspective. Psychodynamic approach argues personality is caused by forces in the unconscious but not learnt. Individuals have little control over their behaviour as it is predetermined, and early childhood plays a crucial part in shaping ones personality. Behavioural approach, on the other hand, recognizes personality as learnt and focuses only on present behaviour matters. Given the differences, it has been argued whether, in terms of scientific merit, psychodynamic or behavioural approach is more comprehensive. The strengths of psychodynamic approach are consideration of childhood experiences and recognition of the unconscious part. On the contrary, behavioural approach focuses on behaviour that can be scientifically measured and verified, and recognizes the importance of external environment on personality. From the above arguments, it is finally conclu ded, in term of methodology and testability, behavioural approach is more comprehensive. Introduction The scientific merit of psychodynamic and behavioural approaches to personality is quite different in terms of supporting whether personality is largely inborn or learnt. The term scientific merit here is defined as the methodology employed and testability of the approaches. On one hand, it has been argued psychodynamic approach relies too heavily on unconscious mind whose existence is hard to prove; on the other hand, behavioural approach has also been criticized for being overly environmentally determinist while overlooking mental processes. The following essay is to critically compare and contrast these two approaches from various aspects, and deduce which one is more encompassing. The psychodynamic approach argues experiences in childhood have significant influence on the development of adult personality without their consciousness. Freud (1969), the founder of psychodynamic approach to psychology, suggested the psyche consists of the following three parts: the preconscious, the conscious, and the unconscious. Among these three, individuals are only not aware of the unconscious part, in which there is always conflict between the id and the superego. The id is unconscious basic drives present in the newborn, and the superego represents the conscience developed by living in a community. These two parts of the psyche has to be managed by the ego, which mediates between the impulses of the id and social constraints. Freud argued that every child must undergo the psycho-sexual stages and their experiences play a large part in adult development, particularly the development of personality. (Freud, 1969). According to behavioral approach, personality is viewed as a pattern of learned behaviors developed through either classical or operant conditioning, and then further molded by reinforcement such as punishment or rewards. Classical conditioning, first proposed by Pavlov (1936), is learning through association, which suggested individual learns to connect a neutral stimulus with a reflex response such as anger or delight. Also, operant conditioning, primarily proposed by B. F. Skinner (1974), is learning through the outcomes of behaviour. If ones behaviour is rewarded, then it will be maintained or increased; if it is penalized, it will be weakened and even extinguished. There are several substantial differences between psychodynamic and behavioural approaches. Comparatively, psychodynamic approach recognizes that experiences in childhood have influence throughout our lives without our consciousness. It provides important framework for judging ones personality and behaviour. For example, the reason for a person committing murder may be the fact that his violent father has always physically-punished him since childhood. Nevertheless, behavioural approach argued most human behaviour is mechanical, and ones personality is simply the product of stimuli and responses. Therefore, the psychodynamic approach acknowledges everyone can suffer mental illnesses and conflicts without their faults. Compared with the psychodynamic approach, another weakness of the behavioural approach is that it ignores the part of unconscious. According to Social Learning Theory, Bandura (1989) has suggested cognitive factors cannot be overlooked if learning is needed to be understood. Bandura has also noted that while reward and punishment substantially shape ones personality, cognition has as much impact as they do. Also, the principles of behavioural approach have mainly been tested on animals. It implies some findings may not be applicable to human being, who is much more complex. On the other hand, one of the strengths of behavioural approach over psychodynamic approach, in term of testability, is that it only focuses on behaviour that can be tested and observed, which makes it very useful in experiments under laboratory setting where behaviour can be observed and verified. Therefore, the results derived from behavioural approach have been, and continue to be, objectively and reliably measured. In terms of methodology, the behavioural approach focuses on the present instead of examining ones past or their medical history. In some cases, this can be a kind of strength, especially for those suffering from their abnormal behaviour. For them, instead of knowing the causes, getting rid of the unpleasant behaviour is much more important. For example, a person with an irrational impulse to brush his teeth unnecessarily many times a day is more concerned about ridding himself of this unnatural behaviour. Compared with behavioural approach, the major criticism of psychodynamic approach is that it cannot be scientifically verified or observed. In fact, no one is even able to design an experience which can effectively refute psychodynamic theory. There is no way to prove whether the unconscious really exists, and whether a restrained memory is real or not. Therefore, psychodynamic approach does not have solid scientific evidence underpinning the arguments about personality. Another weakness would be the fact that most of the evidence for psychodynamic theories was taken from Freuds case studies, such as Little Hans. (Freud, 1969). The main problem is that the case studies are based on studying one person in detail, and they tend to be highly subjective. This makes generalisations to the wider population difficult and not representative enough. Conclusion In term of methodology and testability, behavioural approach is more encompassing for the following reason. Firstly, unlike psychodynamic approach which can hardly be scientifically observed or tested, behavioural approach has proved to be useful in scientific experiments under laboratory setting where results can be reliably verified. Secondly, behavioural approach, in terms of methodology, recognizes the influence of the external environment on ones personality. Finally, most of the evidence for psychodynamic theories was taken from Freuds case studies, which is very subjective and it is hard to generalize results to a larger population.

Does your environment shape you? Essay

Does your environment shape your personality and the way you act? I completely agree with the fact that, one’s environment is the main factor of shaping one’s personality. I find that many teenagers including myself are very easily influenced by what they see and hear. For example, some teenagers are different and are more interested in the material they read on the Internet and the newspaper. Television adds for make up or clothes can easily attract our attention. Although many of us teenagers live up to a standard so they can fit into a crowd at school. The newspaper articles and stories we read and hear about can grab our attention very easily. Big titles on articles catch our attention. We don’t try to look at them we just see them. An interesting title for an interesting article about your favorite music group or an even that you attended steals your attention and just be reading the first few lines makes you want to keep on reading and reading. When I flip open the newspaper section, I immediately turn to the entertainment section knowing that there must be an article of amusement that will give me something to think and talk about. Same with the stories that we hear from friends. Gossip. You hear a bit of a story being told to another and you immediately jump in asking the questions â€Å"who? What?† These types of things get our attention and just the way we hear about it changes our thoughts and feelings. What good is a section of a story when you must know the whole thing to spread on the story? Hearing two different stories makes you change your mind back and forth until you are too confused to care or another hot new story arrives to the ears of a fellow friend who will pass it down to you. Even the television affects they way we think about events in life. I know that for a fact because I remember when I had never even heard of the small city of Walkerton, Ontario until the story came on the news. I never really gave a damn about Walkerton before, why should I now? Just because it’s a story to talk about! The interviews they broadcast on television and the facts given to you keep on getting you more and more interested until it becomes a common subject to talk about. T.V. adds are the exact same. The colors and the music provided in the background attract our attention very easily. We’re interested to see what’s hot and what’s not. Since everything  in the media involves sex to attract our attention, a lot of us are very easily. I remember watching my favorite show (The Simpsons) when the commercial came on. A gorgeous young lady planting seeds that tears off the lab coat revealing her bikini suit. Next thing I see, a built, muscular man grows from the ground from the seeds planted. And in the end, what was the commercial trying to sell you? A pair of jeans. Just a fashion statement. The commercials make you want to have that exact same product.

How far does Macbeth deserve the title “Butcher”? Essay

When deciding whether or not Macbeth is deserving of the title â€Å"butcher† it is a hard decision. There were many contributions by other characters which influenced Macbeth’s actions: such as Duncan crowning Malcolm as his successor and giving the title Thane of Cawdor to Macbeth making in which the last one was a traitor: Banquo who kept his suspicions to himself; and Macbeth and Donalbain who fled. Lady Macbeth was the one who encouraged Macbeth to kill Duncan, giving him the confidence and courage to do the deed. The witch’s’ gave Macbeth the idea in the first place that he was to become king with their prophesies. The order in which I will analyse the characters which contributed to Macbeth’s actions, are the least influential characters to the most influential characters. I must also take into consideration the time period in which Macbeth lived in to make my decision whether Macbeth deserves the title â€Å"butcher†. During the time period in which Shakespeare set Macbeth, society in the 11th Century was very different from what it is today. The society in which Macbeth had lived in was very brutal, revolving around violence, as shown by Shakespeare in his play as executions would be a form torture. Little boys in that time period wanted to be seen as great warriors such as Macbeth, but in order to be one you would have to kill many men in battle. In the time period Macbeth lived in the more men you killed the more honored you became and Shakespeare shows the audience this by making Macbeth being seen as a great warrior during his time due to all the men he’d â€Å"slain† in the battlefield. When Shakespeare wrote the play he had to please James I, who was king at the time as he was his royal play right. Throughout his play he had to convey messages to the audience that James I would approve of. Such a message occurs during the beginning of the play, as the â€Å"disloyal traitor† Macdonald the Thane of Cawdor is killed and the title is then given to Macbeth. The divine right of Kings was very important during Shakespeare’s time period. Society in the 16th Century believed that the whole universe had an order in was decided by God. The King, was believed to be chosen by God, and so any action against the King would be an action against God. Anything unnatural was against this divine order, such as evil, in which society heavily believed in at the time. Shakespeare relates his play to what was happening at the time, as there were many threats to the monarchy such as foreign invaders. At the beginning of the play there is an invasion from the â€Å"Norweyan lord† against Scotland. Not only were there plots by foreign invaders but also insider within the country, such an example is looking back at history during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. During Queen Elizabeths reign, her half sister Mary Queen of Scots plotted to get rid of her. This is seen in the play as Macbeth plots against King Duncan. It was believed that if any harm was brought to the king it would anger God: â€Å"Thou seest the heavens, as troubled with man’s act, threatens his bloody stage† and the portrayer would be punished by god himself. In the play everything is brought back into place, as normal order is back in place as the thrown goes to the rightful heir Malcolm. It was a message to the audience at the time not to plot against the king as the consequences would fall upon you. The society in which Macbeth lived in also believed in God. They believed that if there was good there had to be evil known as Satan who rebelled directly against God and was responsible through witch’s and evil spirits for all attacks on the divine order. Through history during the time society was increasingly preoccupied with witchcraft. Laws came into order so that anyone who was suspected of witchcraft could be executed. At that time Shakespeare wrote the play the people were of a very superstitious culture as James I published a book on â€Å"Demonology† in 1597. Shakespeare relates his play to society at the time as he incorporates three witch’s that are â€Å"So withered, and so wild in their attire,† as they were sources of the supernatural. Throughout the play of ‘Macbeth’ Shakespeare relates his play to what was going on at the time. By using this play as a source of evidence and my own knowledge I am able to conclude that they lived in a very harsh and brutal society where innocent people weren’t put on trial but hanged by accusations. In the time period we live in today, Macbeth’s action would make him a butcher, yet in the context of the time period Macbeth was living in, I think he would be more acceptable in the community due to the harsh realities of life they lived in. I must also take into consideration the actions of the other characters, which influence Macbeth to become a â€Å"butcher† even though they might have unwillingly contributed towards Macbeth’s actions. Such a character is Duncan who had given Macbeth the title â€Å"The Thane of Cawdor† after the previous one was a â€Å"disloyal traitor†. The title ultimately makes Macbeth the most powerful thane. To a certain extent, Duncan is to blame due to naming the heir to the throne as Malcolm, even after all the loyalty and bravery Macbeth expressed towards the king. What furthered Mabeth’s slaughterous actions is fact that Malcolm, Donalbain and Macduff â€Å"fled† from the â€Å"tyrants rule† as they betrayed Macbeth by building an army to fight against him. The character that could have stopped Macbeth from the start was Banquo, as he’s suspicious that Macbeth â€Å"play’dst mosy foully for’t† yet he thinks abou t the witch’s prophesies and what it’d hold for his future, in which he would be the â€Å"root and father of many kings† so he keeps his suspicions to himself. Lady Macbeth had a strong influence over Macbeth in his decision to kill the king. Macbeth contemplates over whether or not to kill the king yet his final decision is that he’ll â€Å"proceed no further in this business† unlike Lady Macbeth who decides to kill the king: â€Å"The raven himself is hoarse that croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan under my battlements† after reading the letter written from her husband. Yet Lady Macbeth believes Macbeth is too kind to kill the king as he is â€Å"too full o’th’ milk of human kindness† in order to fulfill his ambition in becoming king. She is determined for her husband to become the future king of Scotland as when the couple meet, Lady Macbeth speaks her mind and persuades her husband into doing what she thinks will benefit them the most. Lady Macbeth encourages him with comments such as â€Å"so much more the man† if he becomes the king. Lady Macbeth manipulates her husband as she convinces him to do the deed to prove his love for her, as she says she’d be willing to do anything for Macbeth by saying: â€Å"I would†¦have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, and dashed the brains out.† At first Macbeth doesn’t want to kill the king as he’s been â€Å"honoured† lately by the King with the title Thane of Cawdor but Lady Macbeth’s skill works as Macbeth is â€Å"settled† to do the â€Å"terrible feat† which ultimately is to kill the king. It is Lady Macbeth, who plans and organizes the murder, as she is impatient and wants the â€Å"future in the instant†. Without Lady Macbeth’s meticulous planning Macbeth may have never been able to go and kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth herself is the one that that calls upon supernatural spirits (â€Å"Come you spirits†) in order to become like a man, and fulfill the dreadful deed, which would take place. Yet Lady Macbeth contradicts herself as she can’t kill the king herself as Duncan resembles the face of her â€Å"father†. What furthers Macbeth’s murderous thoughts is the fact that when Macbeth didn’t want to kill Duncan she called him a â€Å"coward† and so Macbeth now wants to impress his wife when she finds out his great plans which leads to more killing. The second biggest thing that Lady Macbeth does which contributes to Macbeth becoming a butcher is the fact she is very deceitful. When the King arrives she plays the role of a humble hostess welcoming Duncan with many compliments, and offering â€Å"All their service† to him. It leads Duncan to believe nothing is wrong as he’s not suspicious of what a dark realm he is entering. Lady Macbeth is the one who makes sure the procedure of the plan is precise as she goes over it with Macbeth. She knows Macbeth must not show his guilt and so tells him â€Å"look like th’ innocent flower, but be serpent under’t†. Once Macbeth has killed the King he feels â€Å"sorry† and feels guilty about what he’d done, which is a contrast to how Lady Macbeth is feeling, as she tells Macbeth off for such a â€Å"foolish thought†. Lady Macbeth mocks her husband for being such a coward and to get over it, as he’s weak, feeble and overcome by the grief that shadows him. After the murder of King Duncan has taken place, Lady Macbeth is the one that takes charge and is in control as she knows that they must cover up their crime and blame it on others. Such an instance is when Lady Macbeth goes to sort things out as she says: â€Å"Give me the daggers† as she then goes off to â€Å"†¦smear the sleeply grooms with blood†. Once everything is in place Lady Macbeth once again orders Macbeth to retire back to their chamber in order to look innocent as â€Å"a little water clears us of this deed† which is ironic as she then does this as she goes crazy. A minor crime which Lady Macbeth committed, which may have contributed to Macbeth becoming a butcher is before Macbeth kills the king is when Lady Macbeth prepares to get the King’s guards drunk. Lady Macbeth sneakily served excessive amounts of alcohol to the kings guard â€Å"which hath made them drunk†. It served to put the King’s guards to sleep as they no longer had a watchful eye in order to protect Duncan from the dreadful deed that would have to take place in front of them without them knowing. Not only that but also when the lords find Duncan no longer lives and they announce the dreadful news, Lady Macbeth plays the role of a good actress as she pretends she doesn’t know a thing: â€Å"Woe, alas! What, in our house?† When the lords question Macbeth about the murder of king Duncan, Lady Macbeth suddenly faints. Whether this faint was on purpose or not, it diverts all the attention that was on Macbeth onto Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth’s plan worked well, as there is no suspicion that has fallen upon them, for the death of King Duncan has fallen upon others, such as the guards. The three â€Å"hags† are a representation of trouble and evil, being â€Å"withered† and â€Å"wild† in their attire. They influenced Macbeth in the process of becoming a butcher with their prophecies. Before Macbeth even knows anything about the witch’s, they plan â€Å"to meet with Macbeth† to try tempt him with their riddles and use him as a tool towards the destruction of the natural world order. They knew Macbeth’s weakness, unlike Banquo who is good and could resist the witch’s prophecies. They are malicious and crude in their nature and seek to cause chaos, mischief and misery in the world because they see evil as good, and good as evil â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair†. Whenever the witch’s are present they bring along their omens of evil such as thunder, lightning and rain. Just before the witch’s are about to meet Macbeth a witch chants † A drum, a drum! Macbeth doth come†. This is very portentous and a warning that bad things are to come. The witch’s tell Macbeth about his future with their prophecies. Once they have spoken their riddles Macbeth is desperate to know more about his future as he becomes intrigued by what he has been told: â€Å"Stay you imperfect speaker, tell me more.† Macbeth doesn’t think what he is told by the witch’s is true but wants to believe that it is. The first prophecies the witch’s predicted which Macbeth did not know of yet is that he would become the Thane of Cawdor. Ironically, after the witch’s had told him this he was then given the title that the witch’s had foreseen. The second prophecies the witch’s tell Macbeth may have greatly influenced Macbeth in his future actions in becoming a butcher. The second prophecy claims that Macbeth would become King. As â€Å"two truths are told† with what the witch’s told him being Thane of Glamis and now Thane of Cawdor, it made Macbeth believe that he â€Å"shalt be king hereafter!† The witch’s have framed Macbeth into a state of mind that this is a â€Å"happy prologue† and that his power can only grow from Thane of Cawdor. The prophecy gets Macbeth to think of a â€Å"horrid image doth unfix my hair† that he may have to take action of his own, in order to secure his own future in becoming king. Then on a second thought Macbeth thinks that if the prophecy is true it will happen without him having to interfere as he thinks: â€Å"chance may crown me without my stir†. The influence of the witch’s prophecies has changed Macbeth in his line of thought, as all he wants to do now is contemplate and discuss with Banquo the witch’s prophecies. It triggers Macbeth to get Lady Macbeth involved as he’s fascinated by what he thinks is good fortune, which ultimately leads him working for the evil causing pain and havoc which is exactly as the witch’s wanted. Macbeth was a puppet used by the witch’s, which he naively was unable to see. Since seeing the witch’s, Macbeth changes from a â€Å"noble man† to a â€Å"tyrant† due to trying to accomplish the prophecy that he wants so very much. After Macbeth killed Duncan there is a reversal of the normal order as a â€Å"falcon† was â€Å"hawked at, and killed† by a â€Å"mousing owl†. The events that occurred are very ominous as it is a dark day. Everything has been affected by Macbeth’s actions, therefore it has turned the world â €Å"wild in nature† as it has been disrupted. God shows his anger as the one he chose as the ruler of Scotland is now dead. This is exactly the way the witch’s wanted it to be. A minor crime by which the witch’s influence Macbeth into becoming a butcher is when they decide to trick Macbeth by using apparitions. Hecate herself blames the witch’s for the starting of chaos in Scotland: â€Å"To trade and traffic with Macbeth, in riddles and affairs of death†. This proves Macbeth can’t be fully held responsible. They cast a spell where there is a great influence of evil supernatural powers, changing the way Macbeth thinks and sees things. The witch’s trick Macbeth as they deliberately allow him to think that he’s learning the truth from a superior power when it’s all a faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade. Part of Hecate’s plan is that the sprites will confuse Macbeth so much he’ll make mistakes: â€Å"strength of their illusion, shall draw him on to his confusion.† The witch’s suggest who he should be careful of, such a case being Macduff â€Å"Beware the Thane of Fife† suggesting to Macbeth that he should eliminate anyone that may cause him any harm. Part of the witch’s trick is to make Macbeth feel invincible by using the apparitions that tell Macbeth â€Å"none of woman born shall harm Macbeth† and that he would be safe for his entire life as â€Å"Macbeth shall never vanquished be†. The consequences of Macbeth meeting with the witch’s make him become unaware of the trick that being played on him as he is happy and re-assured with the news, becoming over beamingly confident with his reign. The witch’s have corrupted Macbeth by using spells for him to do bad, as he is now greedy wanting more, such as passing the crown down to his descendants rather than Banquo’s. The witch’s purposely infuriate Macbeth to make him behave rationally as they taunt him. Hecate planned to make Macbeth more of a butcher than he really is â€Å"he shall†¦scorn death†. The witch’s molded Macbeth into a butcher by using his weaknesses. Concerning how far Macbeth deserves the title â€Å"butcher† much of time Macbeth’s actions were influenced by a certain individuals such as Lady Macbeth and the three witch’s. Such a case is when Macbeth killed King Duncan. To a certain extent, those certain individuals cannot be blamed and Macbeth must be held responsible. Macbeth didn’t have to do anything he didn’t want to, such as killing Duncan. When the witch’s told Macbeth of the second prophecy they never mentioned the fact that he should actually go and kill King Duncan. Yet like Lady Macbeth he became impatient to know about the future. Lady Macbeth isn’t the only one that can be labeled deceitful as Macbeth told Duncan his only role is to be loyal towards him and â€Å"towards your love and honour†. Macbeth had the â€Å"absolute trust† and respect of the king, as he had fought brutally in the war like a warrior killing many of Duncan’s enemies. Due to his bravery was given the title Thane of Cawdor officially being the most powerful Thane, yet it wasn’t enough for Macbeth as he still wanted more power which shows his greed. When the witch’s first prophecy comes true, all Macbeth wants to hear is Banquo to confirm the second prophecy and say â€Å"You shall be king†. This is due to the fact that Macbeth is very keen on the subject, yet Banquo warns him about the â€Å"instruments of darkness† yet out of excitement and pride he take no notice. Once Duncan names his successor as Malcolm Macbeth starts his murderous thoughts who unlike Banquo accepts it and is happy for Malcolm. While to Macbeth Malcolm is seen as an obstacle, which needs to be got rid of. If Macbeth had never written the letter to his wife about the witch’s prophecies, she would have never encouraged him to kill the king. Even though Lady Macbeth seems to be the mastermind behind all the planning, Macbeth never dismisses the idea of killing Duncan. Macbeth at the end of the discussion with Lady Macbeth he makes up his own mind â€Å"I am settled.† When it comes to killing Duncan, Macbeth is only worried about the consequences of â€Å"If we should fail† and not the moral. The visions of the dagger that Macbeth has were created by his thoughts. When Macbeth does kill the king and he couldn’t say â€Å"amen† it shows that Macbeth is worried, as he has now gone against god and will be punished for his actions. Macbeth in contrast is very different once the lords arrive as he’s calm and collected unlike the nervous wreck he was before. Macbeth is now able to control himself and lie well, as he acts innocent to his actions â€Å"loyal and neutral† as he defends himself against accusations. I believe that when Macbeth decides to kill his best friend Banquo, he in modern day society would be seen a â€Å"butcher†. One bad deed of Macbeth’s lead to another â€Å"Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill†, as Banquo was suspicious of Macbeth that he â€Å"play’dst most foully for’t†. Even though Macbeth has got the thrown he is still not content with his present situation as he doesn’t feel safe: â€Å"To be thus is nothing, But to be safely thus.† Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to accept the past â€Å"what’s done is done† yet Macbeth is unable too. Macbeth is devious as he tries to find out Banquo’s and Fleance’s movements in light conversation â€Å"Ride you this afternoon?† so he may ambush him. Even though he’s plotting Banquo’s murder Macbeth is two faced as he pretends to be nice to him. Macbeth and Banquo were always seen as equals, yet Banquo is loyal to Macbeth as he is king unlike Macbeth. Instead of Lady Macbeth arranging things now, Macbeth is the one planning. Macbeth is now misleading his wife as she knows nothing. In order for Macbeth to get the murderers to kill Banquo and Fleance he lies to them by telling them it was Banquo â€Å"which held you so under fortune†. Macbeth is glad about Banquo’s violent death. Macbeth is starting to talk like the witch’s as he uses inverted meanings such as â€Å"Banquo’s safe?† after being killed. By now Macbeth is able to hide anything and is a good liar as he pretends to miss Banquo and blames him for not attending, when Macbeth is the reason he isn’t there. Macbeth thinks that he’s done so many bad things that it’s to late to stop and isn’t giving up as â€Å"We are yet but young in deed.† Macbeth by this point has involved himself with evil â€Å"I conjure you† and is now evil himself and is doomed with the title â€Å"butcher†. Macbeth has resorted to killing innocent women and children â€Å"Each new mourn, new widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows strike heaven on the face†. Macbeth now resides to act without delay and will kill without hesitating: â€Å"From this moment firstlings of my heart shall be firstlings of my hand.† When Macbeth decides to attempt and kill Macduff, he targets his family who haven’t done anything wrong and are undeserving of their fate. Macbeth’s evil and cruelty shows through the suffering throughout the country of Scotland. Lady Macbeth feels guilty as she feels she started Macbeth on his evil path to destruction but didn’t know about any of her husband’s actions after the murder of Duncan. Macbeth has now become a â€Å"tyrant† and his â€Å"murders sticking on his hands†. Macbeth is determined to fight to the end till his â€Å"bones† and â€Å"flesh be hacked†. As he now knows that he is a butcher and no longer has a conscious, as when he finds out he was lied to by the witch’s, he’d rather â€Å"die with the harness on our back†. Macbeth wants to inflict as much pain on others before he dies, in which he fails to do so.

The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe - 926 Words

The Cask of Amontillado, by Edgar Allan Poe, is a deliciously ironic story about guilty conscience. The central character, Montresor, has been insulted by his rival, Fortunato, and vows revenge. He plans to entomb Fortunato in the catacombs below his house, and he establishes a set of guidelines for a successful revenge. As the plan progresses, however, Montresor loses his determination. Though Montresor does entomb Fortunato, he cannot savor the revenge because a guilty conscience consumes him for the next fifty years. Poe, a master of human nature, suggests with his story that one’s conscience cannot even ruin the perfect crime. Poe uses irony to reveal Montresor s internal conflict and dynamic character. At first, Montresor is a man full of determination and spite. He has borne the brunt of Fortunato s arrogance for years. Finally, some unnamed insult drives him over the edge, and he vows to punish with impunity (1149). In fact, impunity is one of the conditions that Montr esor has established; the other is that the avenger must make himself known as such to the victim. With those conditions in place, Montresor proceeds with determination and a sense of justice. Indeed, Montresor s sense of self-righteousness is his beginning key trait. Fortunato volunteers to help Montresor verify the authenticity of the Amontillado that Montresor claims he has purchased. By doing so, Fortunato furthers the surface conflict of man vs. man, Montresor v. Fortunato, but theShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe906 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was written in 1846, by Edgar Allan Poe. Born in 1809, Poe never knew any of his parents. At the age of three, his mother died of tuberculosis, and his father deserted the family before he was born. Taking care of him was his foster parents in Richmond, Virginia. They loved Poe, but were not supportive of his decisions and kept Poe poor. Having debt and not being able to provide food and clothes for himself caused Poe to quit school. 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It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified hisRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1303 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator recalls an extremely significant time in his life, and takes the reader along with him. Throughout the story, one experiences a perfectly planned murder which took place over fifty years ago, and still no one has discovered what truly happened to poor Fortunato as he was chained to a wall in a room that was then closed off, and torched to death due to all the nitre in the walls. As the story goes on, the reader can see some of Poe’s unfortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, The Cask of Amontillado, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of terror and betrayal. Like many of Poe’s literary works, the story has a dark undertone with a theme of terror and depression. More than half a century ago, Marshall McLuhan argued that though Poe was fascinated by evil, the evil that he had in mind was not that of Calvinism, but that of the split man and the split civilization. In general, McLuhan was right, but in this instance Calvinism, and its God, provided a darkRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Ca sk of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolismRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe985 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is a well known author of short stories and poetry from the 19th century. He is known especially for his stories of horror and suspense. The Cask of Amontillado is one of his more famous pieces. The story follows the narrator, Montresor, as he exacts revenge on Fortunato. Montressor draws Fortunato into the wine cellar where eventually he chains Fortunato to the wall and encloses him inside it. Throughout the story the narrator continually proves that he is not the most reliable source

Music Therapy Use For Autism Spectrum Disorder - 3381 Words

Music Therapy Use for Autism Spectrum Disorder According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1 in 68 children are diagnosed with autism. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs a child’s ability to communicate and interact with others (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Individuals who suffer from this disorder are often hindered by behaviors that keep them from properly functioning in their everyday lives. It is hard for a child with autism to form and maintain relationships with family and friends since they are lacking the proper behavioral skills to do so. When a child is diagnosed with ASD, three crucial areas of development are affected: verbal and nonverbal communication, behavior, and social interaction. Since there is no known cause or cure for this disorder, early treatment methods, such as music therapy, can be used to make a huge difference in the lives of the children with ASD. Using music therapy for children wi th ASD involves a board-certified music therapist working with autistic children to explore the benefits that music can have on their behavior, communication, and development of social skills. Children who are diagnosed with ASD have many treatment types available to them. Most of these treatment options are centered on the development of the autistic children’s social and behavioral skills, which can help them achieve as normal of a life as possible. Without treatment, most children with ASD willShow MoreRelatedTherapies For Autistic Children.Individuals Take For Granted1678 Words   |  7 PagesTherapies for Autistic Children Individuals take for granted the luxury of embodying qualities such as communication, interaction, and social and motor skills. Although, individuals may determine the aforementioned skills are more difficult to obtain because of a disability. Autism or autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that effects many children in the United States of America. Communication, interaction, and motor and social skills are usually effected in the autistic child. Read MoreBenefits Of Music Therapy On Children Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesBenefits of Music Therapy in Autistic children Benefits of Music Therapy in Autistic children Literature Review Zuleima Haskins â€Æ' Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of conditions of the brain development. (Vries, 2015). The main characteristic of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is that they have difficulties to adapt and interact with other people. Also, individuals with Autism have problems with their development of verbal and nonverbal communicationRead MoreTreatment Options Used for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder1440 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known as a neurodevelopmental disorder that is capable of weakening communication, behavior and socialization. The term ASD includes three major subtypes which is Autism Spectrum Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Asperger’s Disorder. About 9.0 in 1000 children have ASD and certain types of autism might not be identified until three years of life. The probability of boys being diagnosed is higher compared to girls (Bravaccio et al. 2013)Read MoreAutism Is Not Just One Disorder And It Affects The Normal Development Of A Child s Brain1498 Words   |  6 Pagesin a child with autism. According to the Autism Society of America, it is reported as the fastest-growing disability, reaching epidemic proportions at a rate of 10-17 percent per year. Most parents recognize the signs and symptoms of autism anytime between birth and the first three years of their child’s life. Autism is classified as a neurological disorder and it affect s the normal development of a child’s brain. Autism is not just one disorder, but a group of related disorders with a shared setRead MoreThe Implementation Of Music Therapy Workshop Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesResources. Time: Parents will need eight hours of proper training in the implementation of music therapy, such as songs, improvisation, and movement to music. Professional Proctors: Training will be provided alongside proctors in the eight-hour â€Å"implementation of music therapy workshop† to promote competence of the therapy. Money: Participants will be paid a stipend for participating for the duration of the workshop. An estimated financial need is $2,500. An $825 budget will be set aside forRead MoreIs Music Therapy Effective For Mental Disorders?915 Words   |  4 Pages2016 Is Music Therapy Effective in Mental Disorders? Music therapy serves as an alternative therapy to help many people with mental disorders, such as autism. Autism, a disorder that interferes with communication and cognitive development in the brain. Thus, music therapy aids in medical treatment, for example, using music therapy to overcome communication barriers in some patients. As an alternative therapy, it sometimes negatively impacts some spectrum disorders, such as autism. AlthoughRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Children With Autism1476 Words   |  6 Pagespeople are becoming aware of the problem of autism. With the overall number of children effected with autism increasing everyday, there is a panic to find a solution to better treatment and therapy. 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Ethical considerations were taken into account before collecting the data by ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants through a conse nt form that was granted to the participants, while it was made clear that they could withdraw

Its Time for a Universal Code of Ethics for Public...

Its Time for a Universal Code of Ethics for Public Relations Contemporary public relations is a twentieth-century phenomenon that evolved from the press gentry of the 1800s. These old-time press agents played upon the credulity of the public in its desire to be entertained, whether or not they were deceived. Advertisements and press releases were often exaggerated to the point of being complete falsifications. In promoting an attraction, press agents dropped multitudes of tickets on the newspaper editors desk along with the releases. Voluminous publicity for the attraction usually resulted, and reporters, editors, and their families flocked to the free entertainment with scant regard for any ethical constraints (Wilcox, Ault, Agee†¦show more content†¦Roots such as these have created the skepticism with which the public views the field of public relations. Furthermore, it is the duty of practitioners to create positive images for businesses and organizations. Therefore, other, more recent issues have augmented Americans mistrust in t he business world in general, including the Watergate Affair and the business-and-government-related scandals of the 1980s, such as the near collapse of the savings and loan industry. The American public is demanding higher ethical practices from business firms and organizations than it did in the past (Wilcox, Ault, Agee 116). How Public Relations Practitioners are Perceived Despite pressure from the public, very little empirical evidence on the ethics of public relations practitioners exists. As recently as the spring of 1988, a Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) task force could only uncover 16 journal articles and two books as initial readings that dealt with ethics issues in length (Pratt, Empirical 230). However, one study conducted in 1989, has revealed the pathetic state of ethics in, and has called into question the credibility, professional integrity and public image of, public relations (229). In the broad field of mass communications, of which public relations practitioners are considered a part, the occupation is viewed with cynicism. For example, an investigation of journalists attitudes toward public relations, conducted inShow MoreRelatedUber s Bag Of Dirty Tricks : An Ethical Consideration1582 Words   |  7 Pages Professional Ethics Final Project Submission Professor: PhD K. Ramsey Date: 05/01/2015 Rowshen Paltayev UBER’s Bag of Dirty Tricks: An Ethical Consideration â€Æ' Introduction/Overview: UBER is a recent startup tech company providing a service equivalent to regular taxi with better rates and faster service. 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The messages sent and received by a business need to follow ethical norms that dont offend or make individualsRead MoreImplementation Of Different Methods Of Business Ethics3162 Words   |  13 PagesBusiness ethics Abstract Purpose – Implementation of different methods of business ethics is vital therefore it should be known to managers/owners. Based on the study, paper targets to recommend that implementation of business ethics can be of essential meaning for long-term existence, success, growth, and development. This paper shows the ways to discover and use of different methods of business ethics and to pinpoint their importance for dynamic measure care by the corporations. Methodology–Read MoreComplete Guide to Ethics Management: an Ethics Toolkit for Managers10784 Words   |  44 PagesComplete Guide to Ethics Management: An Ethics Toolkit for Managers Written by Carter McNamara, MBA, PhD, Authenticity Consulting, LLC. Copyright 1997-2008. 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Question: Discuss About The CSR Of Aristocrat Vs CSR Of Fortescue Metal Group? Answer: Introduction: The aim of the paper is to compare and contrast between the vision, values, CSR and stakeholders mention in the corporate statements of two business organisations. The two business organisations chosen for the study are Aristocrat Limited, the international gaming company housed in Australia and Fortescue Metal Group Limited, the iron mining giant of Australia. The first section compares the vision statements of the two companies and analysis them on the basis of the SMART model. The second section delves and contrasts between the values of the two business organisations followed by a SMART analysis. The third section studies and compares the CSRs of Aristocrat and Fortescue leading to a SMART analysis. The final section compares between the stakeholders mentioned in the corporate statements of the two companies. A vision or mission statement: The vision statement of Aristocrat Limited is to cultivate world class gaming and gambling experience for the players from all round the world. The company is an Australian public limited company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange and present all over the world. The companys vision statement reveals it intention to provide the best gaming products to its geographically dispersed consumer bases. It aims to provide them with most enjoyable games and interaction processes which employ modern technology (aristocrat.com. 2017). The vision statement of Fortescue Metal Group Limited is to be the most secure, cost effective and profitable iron ore producing company in the world. The companys vision statement also states that it is striving to cultivate a unique organisational culture and human resource capable establishing and maintaining a safe environment(Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. 2017). A comparison between the vision statements of the two companies reveal a number of differences which can be attributed to the respective industries to which they belong. Aristocrat Limited is an international gaming company and is a part of the entertainment industry. It is present in ninety countries, follows the policies set by two hundred and forty regulators and has three thousand global teams. Hence its vision revolves around providing superior gaming experience to its global base of gamers at affordable prices (?ovi?, Ali? and Mani? 2016). Fortescue Group Limited is an iron ore mining company which is a part of the mining industry. Its vision in contrast with Aristocrat gives more priority to safety, cost effectiveness and profitability. This is due to the fact that mining involves hundreds of hazards which lead to accidents and fatalities of workers. Mining involves use of a huge manpower, advanced technology and resources which makes it extremely costly. Hence, Fortescues vision statement reflects its safety concerns while Aristocrats vision statement does not reflect it (Mahdevari, Shahriar and Esfahanipour 2014). The second point of difference between the vision statements of the two companies is the risk factors. The Fortesue Metal Group is an iron mining firm hence; the risk factor is evident in its vision statement. The company aims to operate in a safer environment to minimise the accidents and fatalities. Compared to Fortescue, Aristocrat is a gaming company. So its vision statement does not have mention about risk factors (Burgherr and Hirschberg 2014). SMART analysis of values: Specific: A contrast between the vision statements of both Aristocrat and Fortescue are specific. The vision statement of Aristocrat speaks about its intention to provide the gamers with the international gaming experience. Compared to Aristocrat, the vision statement of Fortescue is more expansive because it covers safety, cost effectiveness and profitability aspects. Hence, it is more specific compared to the vision of Aristocrat (Tyulenev et al. 2016). Measurable: The vision of Aristocrat mentions provision of new games and gambling opportunities of international standards. The performance of the key aspects of Aristocrats business can be measured by comparing the amounts of revenue generation before and after introduction of certain games. The vision of Fortescue Metal Group is vast and measuring the performance of the key elements like productivity is tougher compared to Aristocrat. In fact, the performance of Fortescue is not fully measurable and the profit does not reflect the performance accurately. This is because the losses like accidents at the mining sites due to heavy rainfall can be measured accurately (Blaikie et al. 2014). This analysis shows that the performance standards of Fortescue cannot be measured accurately owing to influence of external environmental factors like heavy rains and resultant loss of materials and human resources. Achievable: Aristocrats vision is more achievable compared to the vision of Fortescue. This is because the operations of Aristocrat involve minimum physical hazards compared to Fortescue which results in losses worth millions of Australian dollars. Realistic: The statements of vision of both Aristocrat and Fortescue are realistic and practical. The values of Aristocrat involve creation of superior gaming experiences for its customers. The vision statement of Aristocrat embraces areas like safety, cost effectiveness and maximisation of profits. It must also be pointed out that the vision statement of Fortescue cannot be achieved to full extent to high chances of environmental hazards in the mining areas. This analysis shows that the vision of Fortescue is not totally realistic in the light of the influences of environmental conditions which the beyond the control of Fortescue (Gao et al. 2017). Timely: The vision of Aristocrat to deliver international gaming experiences can be achieved within a shorter span of time. The vision statement of Fortescue embraces employee safety, cosyt effectiveness and revenue maximisation. It can be opined that the achievement of safety in the mines requires heavy investment in technology, human resources management and enhancement of safety measures (Erkan et al. 2016). Hence, in the light of the above facts, it can stated that compared to the vision of Aristocrat, the visions of Fortescue are time consuming, expensive and can only be achieved in the long run. Values of the organisations: The core values of Aristocrat are respect, courage, integrity and passion. The values of the organisation embrace employment of talented employees, advanced technology and innovation to enhance the gaming experiences of the gamers all round the world. The organisational values of Fortescue Metal Group covers employee safety, family of its employees, integrity, determination, enthusiasm, over achievement of targets, employee empowerment, generation of new ideas and cost effectiveness (Saudi and Noor 2015). A comparison of the values of Aristicrat and Fortesce show that the organisational values of the former has a narrower scope compared to the latter. The values of Aristocrat encompass respect, courage, integrity and passion. The values of Fortescue Group cover several issues like employee safety and cost effectiveness. A contrast between the organisational values of the two companies show that the values of Fortescue actually reflect the inherent risks factors like accident of the mining industry. The values of Aristocrat do not reflect the dangers like cyber threats which are inherent to the gaming industry (Johnson et al. 2014). SMART Analysis of the values: A SMART analysis of the values of Aristocrat and Fortescue are as follows: Specific: The values of Aristocrat are very specific and speaks about values like respect, courage, integrity and passion. The values of Fortescue encompass vast areas like employee safety, work life balance and innovation. These components of the values of Fortescue directly reflect the opportunities like innovations and threats like safety issues inherent to the mining sector. However, the components like courage and integrity do not reveal to the gaming and gambling industry specifically. These comparisons show that values of Fortescue are more specific compared to the values of Aristocrat(Owen and Kemp 2014). Measurable: The values of Fortescue can be quantified and are hence more measurable compared to Aristocrat. The components of the organisational values of Fortescue like safety and cost effectiveness can be measured by calculating the reduction of accidents and losses due to them for a given period. The reduction in losses due to reduction in the number of accidents can be expressed monetarily and compared with past records to measure their effectiveness. However the components of the values of Aristocrat like courage and integrity cannot be measured monetarily (Blaikie et al. 2014). Hence, a comparison between the organisational values of the two companies on the grounds of measurability shows that the values of Fortescue are measurable. Achievable: The values of Aristocrat consists of components like courage, integrity and respect. The value system of Fortescue consists of components like employee safety, employee empowerment, work life balance and frugality. A comparison between the values of the two companies show that the values of Aristocrat like courage and respect can be achieved more easily. The values of Fortescue require huge initial investment like safety training of employees and installation of modern technology. They also require employment of additional safety officers to train and supervise the employees on appropriate safety measures. Thus, it can be stated that it more difficult to achieve the organisational values of Fortescue. However, it can also be stated that achievement of the organisational values like employee empowerment would motivate the employees to achieve higher standards of productivity which would add to the market value of the company (Slack, Corlett and Morris 2015). Realistic: The organisational values of Aristocrat consist of courage, integrity and passion. The organisational values of Fortescue consist of components like employee empowerment, employee safety and work life balance. A comparison between the values of the two companies on grounds of reality shows that the values of Fortescue are more realistic compared to Aristocrat. Values like empowerment of employment and augmentation of safety measures can be enforced and achieved in real life. This comparison shows that the values of Fortescue are more realistic, believable and would motivate the workers to increase their efficiencies (Morantz 2013). This would consequently increase the standard of business excellence achieved by Fortescue. Timely: The values of Aristocrat like courage and passion can be installed in the company within short span of time. However, it can be pointed out that in comparison to the Aristocrats values, the values of Fortescue like increment in safety of workers can be achieved only in the long run. This is because such enforcement of values like increment of safety measures would require huge long term investments like installation of modern machinery, safety training of employees and hiring of safety personnel (Kamsu-Foguem, Rigal and Mauget 2013). Hence, it can stated that compared to Aristocrat, the values if Fortescue can be achieved only in the long run. Corporate Social Responsibilities: The corporate social responsibilities of the two companies Aristocrat Leisure Limited and Fortescue Metals Group have important roles in their own company policies and procedures. A comparison of Corporate Social Responsibilities between these two companies should be able to understand both of these belong to different industries. Aristocrat Leisure Limited, in Sydney, Australia, is a company that provides technologies and services to the international gaming industry. Fortescue Metal Group is a mining company situated in eastern Perth, Australia. Since Aristocrat is a gaming and gambling company so they do not cause pollution like the Fortescue group (Chan, Watson and Woodliff 2014). Due to the variation in industries the mining company is much broader and focuses on slavery, climate change, employee health and safety and corruption. This difference shows that in comparison to Aristocrat Leisure Limited, Fortescues CSR is vast and large. Fortescues value is at the top of their appro ach to CSR. They set the moral and ethical conditions which encompasses the company. The code of conduct builds the necessary standards of corporate and personal behavior and conduct expected from the company. The company Fortescue metal group has joined the numerous initiatives which endorse the maximum standards with respect to CSR and United Nations Global Impact. The community category of Aristocrat covers the effectiveness and commitment within the national, local and international community in which it operates its business (Mason and Simmons 2014). It showcases the citizenship, volunteerism and charity of the two companies Aristocrat and Fortescue metals group. The community focuses on the human rights record and the supply chain treatment of the companies. Along with that it covers the social and environmental impacts of the products and services of the company which helps in developing the sustainable products, technologies and processes. The employee category evaluates the initiatives of proactive management, complying with the national rules and regulations and quality of policies and programs. Employee health and safety policies, safety management systems, safety performance record and comprehensive benefits are also included in the corporate social responsibility of the company. Another category is environment where the data covers the interaction with the environment along with using natural resources and the companies impact on the ecosystem of the planet. It assesses the corporate performance of the environment including the regulations, mitigation, leadership and energy efficient operations of the company(Jizi et al. 2014). There are programs in the management which involves the stakeholders for improving the condition of the environment. The fourth category ensures the disclosure of procedures, executive compensation and the ethical leadership of the company. Corporate governance indicates the leadership structure and the values that of corpo rate direction performance and ethics. The execution of CSR of Fortescue is broader and more elaborate than the Aristocrat group. This is because they have collaborations with foreign bodies like United Nations which enhances the sustenance of natural resources and biodiversity (Ayuso et al. 2014). SMART analysis of CSR can be compared between the two companies in the following way. Specific- While the CSR of Fortescue is broad and vast, the CSR of Aristocrat is specific and to the point of the nature of their business. Measurable- The CSR of Aristocrat can be measured easily because they are not spread at large like the Fortescue metal. Achievable- CSR of Aristocrat is easily achievable but the CSR of Fortescue is not because of the smaller expansion of their business. Since Fortescue is a huge business therefore the CSR will not be easily achievable. Realistic- The CSR of Aristocrat will not be realistic as compared to Fortescue metal because of their larger expansion which might not give the desired result. Timely- The CSR of Fortescue involves stakeholders and a variety of items like slavery, corruption and human rights and it is achievable within a short time period. Therefore, to achieve the CSR of Fortescue will take a lot of time and need to be categorized into differen t short, medium and long term goals to achieve (Chan, Watson and Woodliff 2014). Stakeholders mentioned in the corporate statements: The companies have two kinds of stakeholders- internal and external. Internal stakeholders include directors, chairman and executives while the external stakeholders include customers, suppliers and other such publics. Corporate statements report of the Fortescue showed that their number of stakeholders is bigger than that of Aristocrat. The top external stakeholder of Aristocrat is PWC or Price Waterhouse Coopers. Fortescue has Joint Ores Reserve Committee, WA department of Mines as their main external stakeholders. Both these companies, Aristocrat and Fortescue have stakeholders like customers and community. The stakeholders can have an impact on the policies, objectives and actions of the organizations (ArAs 2016). Conclusion From the comparison and contrast of the two companies, Aristocrat leisure Limited and Fortescue metals group, it can be concluded that although they belong to different industries but still they have a common goal when it comes to earning profits. Difference in vision and mission regarding the Corporate Social Responsibility have showed that the mining company Fortescue group is much bigger and expanded than the gaming company, Aristocrat. This assignment also had a SMART evaluation of the two companies which shows that Fortescue surpasses Aristocrat in every way starting from the stakeholders to their corporate social responsibilities. References: ArAs, G., 2016.A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. aristocrat.com. 2017. Community. [online] Available at: https://www.aristocrat.com/community [Accessed 9 Aug. 2017]. Ayuso, S., Rodrguez, M.A., Garca-Castro, R. and Ario, M.A., 2014. Maximizing stakeholders interests: An empirical analysis of the stakeholder approach to corporate governance.Business society,53(3), pp.414-439. Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. and Wisner, B., 2014.At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge. Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. and Wisner, B., 2014.At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge. Burgherr, P. and Hirschberg, S., 2014. Comparative risk assessment of severe accidents in the energy sector.Energy Policy,74, pp.S45-S56. Chan, M.C., Watson, J. and Woodliff, D., 2014. Corporate governance quality and CSR disclosures.Journal of Business Ethics,125(1), pp.59-73. ?ovi?, N., Ali?, H. and Mani?, G., 2016. Effects of recreational soccer on health status improvement.Sport Sci,18. Erkan, B., Ertan, G., Yeo, J. and Comfort, L.K., 2016. Risk, profit, or safety: Sociotechnical systems under stress.Safety science,88, pp.199-210. Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. 2017. Corporate Social Responsibility. [online] Available at: https://fmgl.com.au/community/corporate-social-responsibility/ [Accessed 9 Aug. 2017]. Gao, J., Pan, J., Wang, M. and Gu, S., 2017. The Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Rainstorm Disaster in Sichuan Province over the Past Decade.Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,5(08), p.1. Jizi, M.I., Salama, A., Dixon, R. and Stratling, R., 2014. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from the US banking sector.Journal of Business Ethics,125(4), pp.601-615. Johnson, B., Laszka, A., Grossklags, J., Vasek, M. and Moore, T., 2014, March. Game-theoretic analysis of DDoS attacks against Bitcoin mining pools. InInternational Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security(pp. 72-86). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Kamsu-Foguem, B., Rigal, F. and Mauget, F., 2013. Mining association rules for the quality improvement of the production process.Expert systems with applications,40(4), pp.1034-1045. Mahdevari, S., Shahriar, K. and Esfahanipour, A., 2014. Human health and safety risks management in underground coal mines using fuzzy TOPSIS.Science of the Total Environment,488, pp.85-99. Mason, C. and Simmons, J., 2014. Embedding corporate social responsibility in corporate governance: A stakeholder systems approach.Journal of Business Ethics,119(1), pp.77-86. Morantz, A.D., 2013. Coal Mine Safety: Do Unions Make a Difference?.ILR Review,66(1), pp.88-116. Owen, J.R. and Kemp, D., 2014. Free prior and informed consent, social complexity and the mining industry: Establishing a knowledge base.Resources Policy,41, pp.91-100. Saudi, M.H.M. and Noor, K.B.M., 2015. The Effect of Performance Management System Implementation: The Case of A Malaysian Service Organization from BSC Learning and Growths Perspective.ADVANCES IN GLOBAL BUSINESS RESEARCH Vol. 12, No. 1, ISSN: 1549-9332, p.154. Slack, R.E., Corlett, S. and Morris, R., 2015. Exploring employee engagement with (corporate) social responsibility: A social exchange perspective on organisational participation.Journal of Business Ethics,127(3), pp.537-548. Tyulenev, M., Zhironkin, S., Kolotov, K. and Garina, E., 2016. Background of innovative platform for substitution of quarry water purifying technology.Pollution Research,35.

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