Report on Digi Telecom Essay

Recently Digi Telecommunications company is ranked as one of the best Telco companies in Malaysia and this is a report with emphasis on their success strategy derived from a financial analysis of up to date financial highlights of Digi Telecommunications. As it is a firm that is continuing to grow strong financially and a firm listed on the Bursa Stock exchange of Malaysia this report contains a few helpful tips and recommendations for Digi to remain successful and keep improving on its financial management strategies. IntroductionThe purpose of this report is to give an analysis of the financial position of Digi Malaysia company, mainly providing essential highlights for potential investors. In this report the content will consist of results of the calculated accounting ratios relevant to reflect profitability and liquidity, a comparison of financial statements and an analysis of the major trends and changes that occurred during the year 2009 and 2010. Another function of this repor t is to enlighten the reader on the main function of financial management and to define the basic and essential terms used in financial management.Other content of this report are a clear indication of the application of appropriate techniques tan one may use in order to determine whether Digi Malaysia is a healthy company for investment. The conclusion of this report will serve as a guideline for improvement as it will consist of a range of suggestions that are meant to help the company to improve its operations and also boost its financial state and becom more effective and attractive to investors.

Critical Success Factors of Six Sigma Implementation in Indian Automobile Components Manufacturing Industries

Chapter 5 RESULTS & A ; DISCUSSIONS 5.1 Consequences and treatments This chapter shows the consequences of methodological analysis used to happen the CSFs, weightages of CSFs and barriers of Six Sigma execution in Indian car constituents fabricating industries. 5.1.1 Critical Success Factors of Six Sigma Table 5.1 Gap analysis of CSFs of Six SigmaCritical Success factorsImportancePracticeAManagement engagement4.42.8BacillusOrganizational substructure3.92.5CCultural alteration4.12.1CalciferolEducation and preparation4.12.5TocopherolVision and program statement4.12.5FAssociating Six Sigma to client4.22.4GramAssociating Six Sigma to concern scheme4.02.6HydrogenAssociating Six Sigma to employees3.82.9IAssociating Six Sigma to providers4.02.5JouleCommunication4.12.7KUnderstanding of Six Sigma4.02.9LiterProject direction accomplishments3.82.9MeterUndertaking prioritization and choice4.03.0This undertaking work presents the consequences of the study conducted to place CSFs of Six Sigma within a medium graduated table car constituents fabricating unit and the consequences are used to compare with the findings of other research workers. The study consequence is represent the spread analysis revealed that there is the important spread between the sentiment of the employees of the company and t he existent pattern of CSFs within the company. It is shown in table 5.1 and at that place graphical representation is shown in figure 5.1 Figure 5.1 CSFs of Six Sigma executionConsequences oforganisational public presentationTable 5.2 Organizational public presentation standards to mensurate the success of Six SigmaOrganizational public presentationMeanStd. DeviationProductiveness2.20.8Defects Reduction2.10.8Warranty claim cost as a % of entire gross revenues3.10.9Cost of quality as a % of entire gross revenues2.90.8Delivery on clip to client3.50.8Net income betterment1.50.8Gross saless betterment1.70.7The consequences and benefits of Six Sigma execution within the administration were assessed in footings of organizational public presentation and attitudinal/perception alterations in the employees and clients. The organisational public presentation component of Six Sigma focuses on quality public presentation, operational and concern public presentation indexs, the inside informations of which are provided in table 5.2 and figure 5.2. attitudinal/perception alterations shown in table 5.3 and figure 5.3 that all the sof t factors have got low evaluation from the respondents. The average values of factors are below 3, with occupation engagement and organizational committedness holding the lowest evaluation of 2.6. The highest evaluation of 3 for the acquisition factor shows that administration public presentation in footings of supplying preparation and coaching. Figure 5.2 Graphical representation of organisational public presentation Table 5.3 Attitude/Perception alteration after Six Sigma deploymentAttitudinal ChangeMeanStd. DeviationEmployee satisfaction2.90.7Customer satisfaction2.80.5Organizational committedness2.60.7Job engagement2.60.6Learning3.00.7Work environment2.70.6 Figure5.3 Attitude/Perception alteration after Six Sigma deployment 5.1.3 Impeding factors in the execution of Six Sigma The respondents were asked to place three largest issues that they have faced during Six Sigma execution. Several obstructions to the acceptance of Six Sigma programme were highlighted as shown in figure 5.4 Figure 5.4: Factors suppressing the execution of Six Sigma 5.1.4 Consequences of AHP analysis The AHP Analysis is performed to place the critical successful factor for Six Sigma execution in car constituents fabricating industries. For AHP attack 6 factors are selected, they are Education and Training, Associating Six Sigma to concern scheme, Cultural Change, Associating Six Sigma to client, Vision and program statement, Management Commitment and engagement. It is found that the Management engagement and committedness ( F ) has got highest weightage i.e. 0.2586 and it is in first precedence. The standards, Associating Six Sigma with client has 2nd precedence and Associating Six Sigma to concern scheme has last precedence as it got lowest weightage i.e. 0.1255. Table 5.4 Average precedence and weightages for Six Sigma execution in car industrySuccess FactorsWeightsPrecedenceAEducation and preparation0.143165BacillusAssociating Six Sigma to concern scheme0.1255356CCultural Change0.151264CalciferolAssociating Six Sigma to client0.16892TocopherolVision and program statement0.1524853FManagement engagement and committedness0.2586615.1.5 Barriers for Six Sigma execution Table 5.5 shows the barriers to the effectual execution of Six Sigma. The consequences of the analysis show that the six reacting companies felt merely fiscal restraint to be important at 0.1 degree of significance. This indicates the fact that it is easy to implement Six Sigma plan in the Indian car constituents sector, as merely one barrier is found to be important out of the eight. Table 5.5Barriers for Six Sigma executionBarriersMeanS.D.t-valueFiscal Constraint3.330.521.58Time Constraint, Difficulty in Understanding Complicated3.001.100.00Statistical Tools3.001.100.00Lack of Management Exposure2.001.10–2.24Work Force/Union Resistance1.830.75–3.80Improper Training1.830.75–3.80Expensive Consultation Charges2.000.63–3.87Trouble in Understanding Six Sigma Methodology1.830.41–7.005.1.6 Analysis of benefits with Six Sigma execution Table 5.6: Benefits of Six SigmaexecutionBenefitsMeanS.D.t-valueDecrease in COPQ4.170.417.00Increase in profitableness4.330.526.32Improved merchandise quality3.830.415.00Improved company image3.830.415.00Decrease in procedure variableness4.000.633.87Addition in productiveness4.000.633.87Decrease in client ailments4.000.892.74Decrease of rhythm clip3.831.171.75Improved work civilization3.170.750.54Improved employee morale/ motive3.000.630.00Improved gross revenues2.330.523.16Decrease in review2.330.523.16Table 5.6 shows the assorted benefits of the Six Sigma plan The consequences of the analysis show that, in line with the Six Sigma doctrine of bottom line consequences, these Six Sigma companies have besides derived important fiscal benefits through reduced Cost of Poor Quality ( COPQ ) . Increase in profitableness, a 2nd important benefit, is a natural result of the decrease in COPQ. 5.1.7 Statistical analysis of CSFs for Six Sigma execution Table 5.7: Critical success factors for Six SigmaCSFsMeanS.D.t-valueTraining4.670.527.91Associating Six Sigma to clients4.670.527.91Undertaking Prioritization and Selection4.670.527.91Project Management Skills4.330.526.32Cultural alteration3.830.415.00Management Involvement and Participation ( Leadership )4.000.633.87Understanding of Six Sigma Methodology4.000.633.87Associating Six Sigma to Business Strategy3.670.523.16Organizational Infrastructure3.330.521.58Associating Six Sigma to Employees3.170.411.00Associating Six Sigma to Suppliers2.670.821.00As shown in Table 5.7 preparation, associating Six Sigma to clients, undertaking prioritization and choice topped the list of CSFs, followed by undertaking direction accomplishments. Cultural alteration came following. Management engagement and engagement, and understanding Six Sigma methodological analysis stood at the 4th degree. Associating Six Sigma to concern scheme and organisational substructure are besides rated as important. Asso ciating Six Sigma to employees and providers were rated as non important. This shows that companies have non linked their Six Sigma plan to their employees and providers. 5.1.8Comparison ofcritical successful factors analyzedwith literature Table 5.8 Comparison of CSFsanalyzedwith literatureFactorPresent survey IndiaPrevious Study ( Antonyet Al. , 2010 in UK )RankRankTrainingISixAssociating Six Sigma to CustomersITwoUndertaking Prioritization and SelectionISevenProject Management SkillsFourEightCultural ChangeVoltEightManagement Involvement and ParticipationSixIUnderstanding of Six Sigma MethodologySixVoltAssociating Six Sigma to Business StrategyEightThreeOrganizational InfrastructureNineFourAssociating Six Sigma to EmployeesTenElevenAssociating Six Sigma to SuppliersElevenTenThese findings were rather contrary to the findings from the old surveies carried out by Antonyet Al. [ 51 ] in little and moderate-sized UK fabrication endeavors Results of that peculiar survey show that direction engagement and engagement, associating Six Sigma to clients and associating Six Sigma to the concern scheme of the organisation are the most of import factors for the successful execution of Six Sigma, followed by organisational substructure, apprehension of Six Sigma methodological analysis, developing on Six Sigma, and undertaking prioritization and choice. Table 5.8 gives the comparing of the present and old survey. This difference in the precedence attached to CSFs can be to due to the fact that India is a developing economic system and the industrial civilization and environment environing India are different from that of UK. 5.1.9 Model for Six Sigma execution Six SigmaEngagement of EmployeesOrganizational InfrastructureDevelopment of TeamworkFocus on CustomerFocus on Supplier RelationshipUnderstanding of Six Sigma MethodologyTop direction committedness and leadingAssociating Six Sigma to CustomersQuality Improvement Tools & A ; TechniquesTraining and EducationFigure 5.5 Model for Six Sigma execution The top direction demands to be proactive in implementing Six Sigma and concentrate on incorporating Six Sigma with TS 16949. Associating Six Sigma plan to employees will assist in acquiring better cooperation, improved work civilization and morale. Associating Six Sigma to providers will assist in bettering coaction, which shall ensue in the effectual execution of Six Sigma. Organizations can derive much by volunteering to implement Six Sigma instead than waiting for it to be imposed. Evaluation and comparing of CSFs of Six Sigma aid organisations in the sector to attach the needed importance to assorted CSFs. Barriers of Six Sigma execution in Indian car constituents fabricating industries ISM modeling is performed. The consequences of ISM modeling shows Lack of Management Exposure and Expensive Consultation Charges are at first degree. The consequences of the Statistical analysis show that the companies felt merely fiscal restraint to be important at 0.1 degree of significance. Th is indicates the fact that it is easy to implement Six Sigma plan in the Indian car constituents sector, as merely one barrier is found to be important out of the eight. Harmonizing to the analysis, pillars of Six Sigma are arrived and general model for Six Sigma execution is developed. It is shown in figure 5.5.

Restaurant Business Plan Essay

Entrepreneurs who start new restaurants may overestimate the size of the market in their area and not take into account the tough competition they will face from established restaurants with loyal clientele. Doing a feasibility study prior to investing the time and money to open a restaurant can help an entrepreneur make a more informed decision about the venture’s chances of success. Starting or running a restaurant? These practical tools can help.www.virtualrestaurant.com Obtain Market Statistics Studying demographic characteristics such as age and income will help you estimate the size of your potential market. If you are planning a mid-price, family-style restaurant for example, you need to know how many families reside in your area. A heavy population of singles or college students will probably not support your restaurant. The U.S. Department of Commerce Census Bureau website is a good place to begin your research. Evaluate Potential Locations A high-traffic location is preferable, one close to major streets with lots  of visibility to vehicle or pedestrian traffic. Make sure parking is ample and easy for customers to access. Look for businesses in the area that could create demand for your restaurant — large office complexes, hotels or retail centers for example. Be sure to consider the tradeoff between a location’s suitability and the lease cost. Saddling a new restaurant with a lease payment that is too high can make it extremely difficult for the venture to reach positive cash flow. Related Reading: Business Plan Vs. Feasibility Study Review the Competition Look not only at the total number of restaurants in your immediate area but also at the styles of restaurants that are prevalent. Consider whether your area is already saturated with restaurants similar to the concept you will be offering — similar cuisine, price point and target markets. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each major competitor and determine whether your proposed restaurant will stand apart from competitors and be memorable to customers. Study the Industry Join your state or local restaurant and hospitality organizations. Attend their meetings, talk with other restaurant owners and review any statistical information they publish about the growth and health of the industry. The National Restaurant Association also publishes studies and statistics about industry trends and growth. Decide whether given the current economic environment it is advisable to launch a new restaurant. Find out if any restaurants in the area have closed in the last two years and why. Look at Your Cost Structure Once you have a good idea what type of food you want to offer, break down the cost of each menu item. Determine who your major suppliers will be and ask them for pricing. Software programs are available to help you accurately calculate projected food cost. You may consider reducing the number of items on your menu to keep food cost down. You may also find that given the food cost projections, the prices you will have to charge are higher than your  local market will support. Evaluate Management Capability An entrepreneur contemplating opening a restaurant should take a hard look at whether he has the skill set and experience to make the venture a success. He should ask himself whether he has the eye for detail to maintain high customer satisfaction. He needs to be able to train and motivate staff members who may have limited experience or education. He needs to understand how to make the kitchen operation run smoothly. He may determine that it is not feasible for him to be the general manager of the restaurant’s operations and elect to hire a manager who already has a track record of success in the industry.

Human Resources in South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resources in South Korea - Essay Example (Zimmermann and Sparrow, 2008) To start, operate and close a business is well protected by South Korea's regulatory environment. Starting a business takes an average of 17 days compared to the world's average of 43 days. Obtaining a license will take less than the world's average of 19 procedures and 234 days. Closing a business is also easy. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) The investment climate is increasingly open. The government offers incentives such as cash grants and zero-corporate tax zones; has a one-stop-shop for foreign investments; and assigns an official to facilitate each project. Residents and non-residents may have foreign exchange rate accounts. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Trade, fiscal and labour freedoms are relatively weak. Monetary score is hurt by government subsidies of several sectors. Non-tariff barriers are very common. The labour market remains rigid despite the government's effort to enhance market flexibility in recent years. There are burdensome employment regulations that hinder employment opportunities and productivity growth. The non-salary cost of employing a worker is low, but dismissing a redundant employee is costly. The high cost of laying off a worker creates a risk aversion for companies that would otherwise hire more people and grow. Regulations related to the number of work hours are not flexible. (Zimmermann and Sparrow, 2008) The... For outsiders language barriers and tight social or business circles make the Korean labour market difficult to enter. Business relationships have traditionally been built upon personal ties and valuable introductions. The South Korea labour laws are mentioned below: Foreign workers: pursuant to the immigration control act, professional or skilled foreigners can be employed in Korea after being issued with visas; in other particular occupations which include the hospitality and hotel industry (E-7) visa is issued. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) General procedures: the parties concerned sign an employment contract. A related minister makes a recommendation. The minister of Justice issues a visa issuance certificate. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Working standards and welfare: the labour standards act, which stipulates minimum working standards for workers, covers all employees. However, some provisions (relating to employment contracts, restrictions on dismissal, working hours, leave, etc.) are not applied to work places with four workers or less given economic conditions and administrative capacity. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Restrictions on dismissal: employers cannot dismiss employees without justifiable causes. If dismissed without justifiable causes, an employee can apply for redress to a labour relations commission. Employers may be subject to punishment for unjustifiable dismissal. If an employer is to dismiss a worker, he or she should meet strict conditions and procedures. First, the employer should have urgent managerial reasons, make every effort to avoid such dismissals, select those to be dismissed by rational and fair standards and sincerely consult with the trade union or workers' representatives in advance. Even when an

Glycosylated Haemoglobin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Glycosylated Haemoglobin - Essay Example In case blood glucose level is well within control and gives stable results, the test is performed every six months intervals. The long-term or chronic complications of diabetes are those that characteristically occur after years of high blood sugar levels. These are diabetic macrovascular and microvascular diseases. The long term complications correlate well with A1c levels.(Web ref 2). Wild and Bains (2004) cautioned clinical laboratories and point-of-care testing to be careful of the interferences produced in assays by variant Hbs. The majority arise from point mutations in the , , , or Hb chains. Herman et al (2007) also raised the important question of whether A1c can be used as a diagnostic test for diabetes detection and control in ethnic minorities whose mean A1c concentration vary significantly from whites. In the light of these observations the current project intends to analyse literature particularly on blood glucose tests, long term complications of high blood sugar and applicability of HbA1c test to ethnic diabetics. Studies have shown that glycohaemoglobin values in the "better ranges" correlate with less incidences of diabetic complications later in life (Table 1; Fig 1 b). Type 1 diabetics will typically have hemoglobin A1c levels determined every 3 to 4 months, while Type 2 diabetics will require measurements less often (Web ref 3; Web ref 1). It so because Red blood cells are replaced in about 90 days thus test gives blood glucose levels for that period. Normal blood glucose levels are below 6 percent HbA1c however these vary laboratory to laboratory (McCool and Woodruff 1999; Web ref 1) HbA1c levels compare well with blood glucose levels as shown below: Table 1. Comparison of HbA1c test and Blood glucose levels (from McCool and Woodruff 1999) HbA1c Level of control Blood glucose (mg/dl) 5 % 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% Excellent Excellent Good Acceptable Poor Poor Poor Poor 90 mg/dl 120 mg/dl 150 mg/dl 180 mg/dl 210 mg/dl 240 mg/dl 270 mg/dl 300 mg/dl The rapid fluctuations in blood glucose that normally occur are smoothed out and the long-term level of glucose is now available to clinicians as a HbA1c test, because glycosylated hemoglobin has been shown to correlate with the integrated average blood consumption of glucose over the preceding six to eight weeks (Nathan 1990). Moreover, No preparation is necessary. Fig1 b) Controlled and uncontrolled diabetes conditions. (from Web ref 1) Controlled diabetes, less blood glucose results in less glycosylated haemoglobin Uncontrolled diabetes, more blood glucose results in high glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c is also a reasonably sensitive test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) which occurs in pregnant women. The test when conducted on pregnant women, it could pick up 87.1 cases of GDM successfully. The study gives a good alternative to OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) which is inconvenient and requires fasting (Aldasouqi et al, 2008). The HbA1c test earlier done in laboratories only is now available in relatively economical home version as well (Web ref 4). The control of HbA1c and avoiding long term diabetic complications are discussed later. Diabetes: An overview The word 'diabetes'

Cubism and 3D Sculptures Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cubism and 3D Sculptures - Personal Statement Example The beginning is 20th century saw the emergence of cubism, a painting style that balances the geometry and reality of objects as seen in various dimensions. Cubism led to the abandonment of single viewpoint of objects for a more geometric and realistic 3D view of objects drawn on a 2D plane, where artists pursued beauty and attraction. Artists like Frank Lloyd, Giger, Robin, and Boccioni among many other creative brains curved sculptures to pass a statement of the value of cubism on the world of arts (Jaskiewicz, pars. 2-3). Drawing from the influences of these artists’ works on the modern day 3D environment, I have to admit that their sculptures have played critical roles in the production of 3D objects in videos and computer graphics. Its common knowledge that, in the present day, there are machines and computer programs that can create various 3D videos, largely by replicating actual physical objects carved out of wood, soapstones, clay, metal, and plastics. In my attempt to understand the link between cubism and 3D, I inverted pyramid of several boxes laid above each other. However, I realized that there was no balance in the dynamism of the boxes. Hence, I turned them over and drew the box down into two 4-point stars, each on top of the other. From this, I could visualize a wrought iron glass structure erected on a tall platform. From this dimension, cubism-inspired my imagination of a 3D sculpture.

Comparison of Neoliberalism and Structural Realism Essay

Comparison of Neoliberalism and Structural Realism - Essay Example Besides the role of sharing information, neoliberalism and structural realism have their similarity in belief in anarchy and differences on perceptions of international cooperation and the driving forces behind it. Both think that anarchy influences how states behave toward each other. They are different because neoliberalists believe that international cooperation is possible because states value economic interests too, not only military power, while structural realists think that this is difficult to achieve. Mearsheimer explained that realists believe that the state is the principal actor in international politics and states are concerned of balance of power. State activities are connected to their position in the balance of power, specifically use of military power (University of California Television, 2008). Structural realists do not think it is possible to have successful international cooperation in this context of desire for hegemony through military power. Neoliberalism dis agrees because international regimes can make this attainable, especially when economic interests through international cooperation are also essential for states. Neoliberalism assumes that states want to attain international cooperation primarily because of economic interests, while structural realism disagrees because world governmental authority cannot effectively enforce agreements among states. Neoliberalism believes that states want to share quality information through international organizations.

Future scope on China and the Gulf Cooperation Council relationship Essay

Future scope on China and the Gulf Cooperation Council relationship (GCC) - Essay Example USSR is a socialist Republic and has similar internal state policies as that of China, the policies of China closely follow that of Moscow which is then the seat of powers of the former USSR. However, in the effort to forge stronger alliances, China strived to reach out to countries like the United States and those countries surrounding the Persian Gulf. Unfortunately, talks of alliance during the meetings held in Bandung, China failed to create a strong alliance between these nations. Throughout the 1990s, there were many important changes that occur in the foreign policy of China. These changes in the Chinese foreign policies were triggered by global political changes following the collapse of Soviet Union. The collapse of the USSR heralded the end of the cold war and triggered global political changes. As the USSR ceased to be one of the world’s superpowers, the United States took on the role as â€Å"big brother† of smaller nations and took upon itself to serve and the â€Å"police and watchdog† of democracy and power. The shift in the balance of world powers ushered the changes in China’s foreign policies especially towards the countries around the Persian Gulf. Believing that the shift in world powers may eventually affect the stability of oil supply and production around the oil rich nations of the Persian Gulf, and that the slowdown in the production of oil may affect the economic activities in China, the Chinese government emba rked into the task of fostering stability in the area by advocating the resolution of conflicts in the area internally and without any foreign interventions. As the largest country around this part of the world, China has the power to influence the economic activities in this region. In the 1990s, the value of Chinese investments around this area amounted to more than 2.2 billion US dollars. This is twice the value of its investments in the region in the 1980s. Chinese importation for oil reached about $9.5 billion dollars in

Design for the real world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Design for the real world - Essay Example The advent of the 21st century has turned a new leaf for the design industry. Designing a fabric or a building has become easier because of the exponential growth of information and communication technology. The evolution of technology became more convenient for the designers as the graphical software and equipments started hitting the market. The calculations for measurement are now being performed automatically reducing the overall time required for completion of an architectural process. The selection of colours can also be performed with graphical interfaces that allow the fashion designers to analyse every pixel and select the most suitable colours for the dresses. These changes are considered to be a blessing for the 21st century designers. However, with benefits also come disadvantages. The primary disadvantage is the growing competition in the industry. Most of the firms needing design requirements are hiring permanent designers for working on their projects which is in a way curving the potential creativity options for the designers. The challenges faced by the designers also include the external threats such as the sustainability of the designs against the nature. Customers are expecting a safe apartment that can withstand earthquakes or other incidents such as fire and nice clothes which won’t get spoiled if drenched in rain. These are some of the basic concerns and needs of the consumers but in order to fulfil these fundamental requirements, the cost aspect of the designing process is mounting up by fuelling the competition.

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Journal - Assignment Example In the same article, the Los Angeles Times describes the action as seemingly a part of a series of disturbing behavior from the military stationed at Afghanistan, continuing to enumerate alarming acts of violence committed by military personnel against people in the middle-eastern country. Before he became US president in 2009, one of the promises Obama made was to pull out the troops in Afghanistan. I strongly believe this promise was one of the reasons Americans voted for him. America had already lost so many men and women to the fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq before Obama entered the presidential race. The people wanted their fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, husbands, wives, sons and daughters safe back home. It was therefore disappointing that after 3 years, that particular promise has yet to be fulfilled. There is no excuse for the misbehavior American troops are showing in Afghanistan. Nevertheless, for someone who is in a situation where getting to wake up each day is a gift, it is only a matter of time before the stress gets the best of an individual. If President Obama does not want a repeat or similar incidents like these to happen, he should start making good on his promise to bring the troops in Afghanistan back

Native Americans in the United States and African American Cowboys Essay Example for Free

Native Americans in the United States and African American Cowboys Essay APUSH, DAY-2-2 TO WHOM AND TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE AMERICAN WEST A LAND OF OPPORTUNITY 1865 1890 During the year of 1865 to 1890, the American’s west land was a land of economic development for Native American, white settlers from the east across the Mississippi farmers, miners, ranchers and as well as African American cowboys and immigrants for Irish and Chines, moving west for goal of economic achievement and their position for profit. First, the Native Americans people opened the way of exploitation of the west land naturel environment. The Dawes Act, which turned Indians into landowners and farmers and distributed 160 acres for farming, designed Indians as individual rather than a group of tribes. The railroad made their trip easier, which Pacific Railroad Act was passed in 186, law allowed construction of new transportation systems. The Act also provided grants of land and limited jobs for immigrants’ worker on railroad, especially Chines immigrants worked for a lower wage and discovered millions of gold and silvers. The immigrants worked for a wealthy white settler in the west. Moreover, the railroad opened faster access for transportation for castles, miners and all the peoples, who were making money. Including the Homestead Act was passed; its offered 160 acres of land for any settlers live on the land for five or more years with little registration fees. It helped poor people to achieve economic business and farmers who needed more land, were permitted to purchase of up to 160 acres of land for $2. 50. The farmers took advantage of Westland by doing international market, which mostly depended on railroads for shipment. Even farmers had difficulties of weather conditions, the produced the agricultural business by the Bonanza farm. The farmers were hopes to getting rich soon. Together with the African American cowboys and cattle industry turned into a new marker as well. Because of Indians on to new reservation and the railroad opportunities bring them easier transportation anywhere in urban markets; without the railroads the new business were take a time to make money . In brief, west land was a place of a new beginning for people who were moving for seeking life and opportunities and hoping to get rich. The wealthy white settlers made the most profit in Westland.

The Ontology of Plato and Lucretius Essay Example for Free

The Ontology of Plato and Lucretius Essay Ontology is the science involved with the study of nature and the different aspects of being. It is an arm of the realm of metaphysics and is understood to be a mixture of two fields: science and philosophy. It can be considered as the primary philosophy as it serves as an instrument through which different problems regarding the relations of being and nature are examined. Ontology involves many different concepts and has evolved through the years to include many theories and evaluations established by renowned philosophers. It has grown to include a large body of knowledge. The specific ontologies to be tackled here, however, will only include two of the more popular philosophers involved in the field, namely, Plato and Lucretius.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Plato’s Theory of Forms states the different aspects of his ontology. The theory was first established in Plato’s Republic, as evidenced in the   Myth of the Sun, the Divided Line, and the Myth of the Cave and is composed of five basic characteristics. First, words are the names of things. This means that words or nouns are names of actual entities. Second, that Forms exist. This second characteristic expounds the first indicating that the words that name things or entities are particular to a certain form. Thus the entity takes form. This is part of Plato’s concept of dualism indicating the presence of two worlds: the sensible-where specific objects exist and the intelligible-where the Forms exist. The third characteristic stresses that the Forms of objects have more weight in reality than do ordinary objects. This is because of the stated fact that Forms are universal indicating more permanence and greater contribution to the identity of a particular object. Fourth, all particular objects in the sensible world are directly related to their counterpart forms in the intelligible world through a process coined by Plato as â€Å"participation†. This process was never expounded and remains problematic to this day. The fifth characteristic of the theory states that the forms residing in the intelligible world are the causes of or are the reasons for events occurring in the sensible world. Lucretius also stated his own ontology through his six-book poem entitled De Rerum Natura or On the Nature of Things. This epic poem is the only known work produced by this Epicurean poet. Lucretius first establishes his ontology through by restating the characteristics of the atomic theory: nothing comes from nothing, nothing becomes nothing, everything is composed of the indivisible bodies called atoms, and atoms are separated by empty space. Thus Lucretius believed that the basic units of reality were only the body, composed of atoms, and void, space between atoms. Everything that is perceived in reality simply stems from the properties present in these two basic units. Thus concrete bodies are simply aggregations of many atoms combined and space is merely extended to exist between these atoms. Thus it is only the combination of these individsible atoms that leads to the formation of more complex structures and beings. It should be noted that Lucretius did not make use of the word â€Å"atom†. Instead, he used terms such as the primordial rerum, seeds, and matter. These terms served the purposes of his poetry better and were more appropriate to the context in which these matters were discussed and used. Both Plato and Lucretius presented their ontologies through literary works. Both were able to maintain the beliefs established in their individual theological commitments in their ontologies. Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura was completely in line with Epicurean teachings. Plato’s ontology was also clearly in agreement with his theologies as it was often restated in many of his writings. References Watt, S. (1997). Introduction: the theory of forms (books 5-7). In Plato:Republic (15-16) London: Wordsworth Editions Englert, W. (2003). Lucretius, on the nature of things. Newburyport, Mass.: Focus. Ross, D. (1951). Platos Theory of Ideas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Analysis Of The Vietnamese Tourism Market

Analysis Of The Vietnamese Tourism Market My friend and I have passion in tourism. My friend has several years of experience working for an international travel company in Ho Chi Minh City as a travel consultant cum tour operator. She have strong relationship with five star hotels and restaurants in Vietnam. I have chance to travel to many countries and study international tourism industry. I also have a part-time job as a tour guide for some travel companies. I understand what tourists expect from a knowledgeabe and friendly tour guide , quality service as well. Thus, combining her experience in Vietnamese tourism market and my understanding about international tourists demands, we decide to open a travel company, named Luxury Tour Co. in Ho Chi Minh City. Our target market is Spain. Within the next five year, we build Luxury Tour as the first choice for the Spaniard when they think of travelling to Vietnam. This name guarantees for best service,best choice as our slogan of Think nothing, let us. This marketing plan is desi gned to highlight significant steps and other related issues to run business well and meet the goal. Market Overview Tourism is considered as the key industry in the near future. Tourism involves three sectors, they are, domestic market, inbound market and outbound market (Helmut Wachwiak, 2006:48). Domestic tourism aims to local customers, while inbound tourism aims to attract international tourists to the country and outbound tourism aims to organising tour for local tourists who want to travel abroad. Among of which, inbound tourism is emphasized most. It not only creates more employment opportunities for the local people but also plays an important role to attract foreign investment in Vietnam as MICE tours becomes popular. Tourism is based on a lot of factors. Here is the list of some changes influencing tourism in general and Luxury Tour business activities ( Lloyd E. Hudman, Richard H.Jackson, 2003:24) Infrastructure in Vietnam . Understanding the contribute of the non-smoke industry, Vietnamese Government has invested in some projects, such as building metro, road etc. , and encouraged people take part in introducing beautiful image of Vietnam to the world ( Vietnam Tourism, 2010 ) Social behavior. For example, considering the tour price, it depends on the suppliersquotation. They are five star hotels, restaurants, transportation etc. In peak seasons when several tourists come to Vietnam, lack of commodation or waiters/waitresses is predictable. As the result, the tour price is higher, but tourists are served less. Increased gas/petrol price. That is to say, it leads to the increase of price in transportation, flight ticket etc. The rapid development of Internet and e-commerce. According to the CIA Factbook, in 2009, 50% of Spaniard use internet, and this number is increasing repidly. It push e-commerce developped more Stable VND-Euro currency rate makes tour price stable and more competitive than other markets ( Vietnam Central Bank, 2010) Stable politics makes international tourists feel safety while staying in Vietnam New tourism trend. According to ITB World Travel Trends Report 2010/2011, Southeast Asia is sparkling as an ideal destination to EU market. They prefer enjoying sun and beach and discovering Eastern culture Increased income. That is to say, more tourists want to spend their holidays at the highest standard Customer Information According to World Tourism Ranking, Spain ranks 11th in the world in terms of spend on international travel, but there has been significant growth in recent years in outbound travel. Growth is expected to continue as more and more Spaniards have holiday habits .Besides , Spanish long-haul travelers take advantage of very favorable Euro to VND exchange rate. The weakening of the VND could attract more interest in this destination .To understand clearly, here is the Spanish Outbound Travel Trend. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Destination: Some competitive destinations to Vietnam are: Fiji, French Polynesia, Australia, China, Japan, Mexico, and the USA . However, Europe remains the main destination for Spanish travelers , only 27 % of the outbound trips are far beyond the European borders ( World Tourism Organization, 2007 ) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Travel season : Most of the Spanish decide to travel abroad in August , September the time of summer vacations . However , short breaks are spread more widely through the year, in particular around public holiday times. The average length of stay for holidays abroad is around 9 nights. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Purpose : Leisure (54.3%) remains the main reason for travelling outside Spain , followed by business events or work related (20%). The key driver for taking overseas holidays is visiting other countries, learning about their culture and seeing and doing lots. Market Information According to Vietnam tourism, in 2010, there were 5,049,855 international tourists travelling to Vietnam, which was 34.8% higher than 2009. Most of them were from China, South Korea, Japan and other Asian countries. Obviously, compared to other markets, Western tourists have not known much about Vietnam. With the wave of Asian culture, Asia becomes an ideal choice, especially Southeast Asia. Following the new trend, Vietnamese government have encoraged travel companies to study and make plans to expand busiess into Western markets. According to World Torism Organization, in Europe, with 19.7 billion USD spent in international tourism expenditure (2007), Spain ranked 11th in the world . This number seems to increase annually. However, according to Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, the number of Spanish tourists to Vietnam for leisure purpose is still low and recently, the government with promoting activities is aiming efforts at opening Spain market as our main target market in the near future In Vietnam, there are two major travel companies which target Spanish markets, they are, ASCO Lotus Travel and Exotissimo Travel. ASCO have years of experience for Western tourists to operate tour to Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and Cambodia and ASCO while Exotissimo opened branches in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia and Myanmar. They aims to high-and-above-income maket while Luxury Tour aims to serve mid and high income tourists with the highest standard. As a Vietnamese travel company, Luxury Tour understand Vietnamese business behavior. Thus it is easier to build strong relationship with local suppliers. Industry Information Nearly 1.6 billion is the expected number of international arrivals forecasted by UNWTOs Tourism 2020 Vision by the year 2020. Among of them, 1.2 billion will travel to other countries and 378 million will take longer trips. It is obvious that travel between different regions (outbound and inbound) tends to grow at a faster rate than intraregional travel (domestics) . In 2007, interregional travel increased by 8% as against a growth of 6% for intraregional traffic. According to Vietnam Tourism(2010), from October 10th to December 31st 2010, following Vietnam-your destination campaign, international tourists were welcome to Vietnam without visa. With this opened policies, Vietnam was successful in attracting inbound tourists, especially in Western markets. In 2011, it is expected that Vietnamese Government will consider its effectiveness and efficiency to making further decision better. Product/Service Information Luxury Tour wants to approach mid and high income Spaniards. Most of them are businessmen, specialists, and professors etc. who are too busy to enjoy their time. With the slogan of Think nothing, let us, Luxury Tour wants to be the useful right hand by bringing them into the most comfortable world with families and friends. We offer several tour packages with high quality. All customer requirements are satisfied perfectly. From the moment customers contact Luxury Tour to the end of the tour, customers will be serviced by friendly and professional staff, such as travel consultants, tour operators, tour guide and others SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS High-quality service Operational efficiency Experienced and highly customer-oriented staff Strong marketing and sales forces Strong relationships with both suppliers and Spanish travel agencies WEAKNESSES New brand name in the market Limited budget No representative office in Spain, so Luxury Tour can not contact directly to the target customer Depend on Spanish travel agencies OPPORTUNITIES Spain is a new emerging or developing market for Vietnamese tourism industry Less competition Rapid development of e-commerce Support from government (i.e.: opened policies to encourage tourism) Social changes: more Spanish want to travel to Southeast countries THREATS Financial crisis The increasing of potential competitors Social problems: there are many beggers who follow tourists from places to places Objectives The key objectives for Luxury Tour are: Within 5 years , Luxury Tour becomes the Vietnamese leading tour operator in Spanish market segment with 30% of share market . Integrated marketing services are established to present a unified image/brand identity of Vietnam as an ideal destination . The number of loyal tourists is increased After the first five year, Luxury Tour will expand business into other Western markets, such as the Portugal, the Netherland etc. Strategy With Luxury Tour, tourists will experience the finest service, enjoy the most delicious Vietnamese cusine and stay at the most comfortable hotels. Our efforts are to make tourists remember uniqueness and hospitality of Vietnam in general and Luxury Tour in particular. It is can be measured by the increased number of Spanish tourists coming back to Vietnam annually. What Luxury Tour try to sell is not only tours themselves but also benefits. A good tour operator knows how to control income factors and how to balance incomes and outcomes ( customer requirement) to satisfy three parties, that is to say, tourists are pleased with service, suppliers are happy to serve and Luxury Tour gets profits and more importantly, customer awareness. Product To be more competitive in the market , our tour itineraries are designed with two advantages : Quality and Customer service. *** In term of Quality :Tour itinerary is designed based on 5H model , that is the combination of Hospitality, Honesty , Heritage, History,Heroic **** In term of Customer Service : Speed :We have hotline served 24/7 to answer all customers questions and complain Flexibility : Tour itinerary can be re-designed to fit each customers requirement Reliability : all needed info is provided to customers before they book tours , including warning (if applicable ) Pricing Our target customer is from mid-income and above. They usually prefer to enjoy holidays in their own tastes and required to be served at the highest level. Thus we mix two price strategies, good-value pricing strategy and value-added pricing. Luxury Tour will design a basic package price which combines high standard, good service at reasonable price. From the basics, this tour is tailor-made to fix each customer demand. The price is changeable based on the seasons, supple-demand balance and other unforeseen situations. Normally our estimated price is around USD 2,200 / pax. Distribution For the short term , to perform activities to attract tourists from Spain to Vietnam and expand distribution channel to meet market needs and serve customers better, Luxury Tour has partnered with tourism companies in Spain. With this partnership, Luxury Tour has been in the big cities of Spain, such as Barcelona , Madrid , Valencia etc. For the long term, within the next 5 years , Luxury Tour opens one representative agency in Madrid to approach customers needs easily and efficiently Promotion Website: Luxury Tour launches and operates Internet site effectively as a virtual tourist office in which customers can find a lot of information about Vietnam and useful tips for their tour . The website is designed with friendly screen and easy-to-follow instructions. Besides, our online travel consultants are willing to help customers design suitable tour itineraries with reasonable price and support them during and after journey. Search Engines Optimisation: To be recognized among millions of tourism websites, we will corporate with some internet search engine sites such as : http://www.ivivu.com/ http://www.skydoor.net/ http://www.chudu24.com/ http://yeudulich.vn/ http://www.tourism-review.com/ Instead of buying a place on their website, Luxury Tour offer them a business corporation opportunity, this is, banner exchange. This is a win-win corporation Advertising: As a new brand name in luxury tourism industry, we decide to focus on bringing our image to the target customers. Our target customer segmentation is from mid and high income. Choosing a reliable magazine is the first choice. Among of which is Travel and Entertainment magazine the publication of Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism and the leading magazine in tourism of Vietnam. It is available in Vietnam Airlines, Indochina Airline and Royal Brunei Airline. Public Relations: To build strong relationship with Spanish travel companies as well as to prove them our outstanding service offered, Luxury Tour usually invites partners and Spanish press to have trips to Vietnam for free of charge. It is not only a normal business trip but also a chance to introduce Vietnam beauty and its tourism potentials as well. Besides, Luxury Tour also have budget to sponsor for community activities such as planting tree, building houses for the poor etc. to emphasize that Luxury Tour image is not connected to business only, it is the combination between social responsibility, environmental protection and business. Promotions: Luxury Tour usually takes part in some trade exhibitions in Vietnam and foreign countries. This form of promotional activity enables promotion directly to the consumer for creating word-of-mouth channel. We offer 10% discount for who books tours at exhibitions Branding: Luxury Tour wants to build a friendly image and impress current and potential customers by service quality. Our logo is design with the main color of green and the image of a typical tourist. Our slogan is think nothing.Let us. Operational Plan Sucessful tourism business depends on the service quality. Tourism is unlike other industries. We try to sell invisible products. The key points are how to persuade them to trial our service and how to make them feel undisappoited about their decision.To meet that goal, Luxury Tour must pay attention to setting up a quality control system strictly. Not only checking service from suppliers, employee force must be trainned to serve customer 24/7 . Any problems before, during and after tour need to be solved soon. After each tour, based on their feedback, Luxury Tour have some change to improve more and serve better. Sales promotion Dyring the first six month, Luxury Tour aims to attract customer awareness and introduce our service. We offer customers 5%-10% discount program. When customers know more about us, so discount strategy is not applied. Instead, we focus on added benefits, for example, booking tour to travel across Vietnam, tourists get one buffet ticket at Caravelle Saigon. Advertising Our target segmentation is mid and high income customers. Most of them are businessmen who usually travel by airplain. Thus in our marketing budget, there are amount of money spending to advertising on airline magazines, such as Travel and Entertainment . Public relations Public relation is a tool to improve company image positively. It needs long-term plan. Developing a brand name with the image of friendliness and hospitality, Luxury Tour will organize some special tours called community connection. Joining this, tourists do not only have chance to travel to Vietnam but also join community activities, such as teaching children, planting tree, farming etc. It makes tourists feel that their money is reinvested into society. Direct Marketing In term of direct marketing, there are many forms. To maximize marketing effectiveness, we suggest to combine direct mail, email marketing, social network, brochure and magazine advertising. To get the mid and high income customer database, Luxury Tour could buy from market research companies or take advantage of current database of Spanish travel agencies. Then we will send them our company profile and e-brochure to introduce our service and encorage them to log in our website to receive a 10%-discount travelling coupon for the first visit. Online Marketing Owning a well-designed and multi-function website is a tool to approach targeted customers. Our online travel consultants who comminicate well in English and Spanish are willing to assist customers to search info, design tour itineraries. Customers can book and pay online. The payment method is variable, from bank transfer to PayPal, Master Card, Credit Card etc. Once payment is done, confirmation, receipt, flight e-ticket and a package of Vietnamese information are sent to customers email box. Budgets and action plan Item Jun-11 Jul-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Cost ( USD) Department / Employee name Measure of Success Making business plan, design logo, slogan and complete register documents 1st 1st 2,000 Nguyen Mai Ly The genaral Director Recuit human resource 1st 1st 1,000 HR Department recruit experienced employees Design tour itineraries and deal with suppliers 1st 31st 1,500 Operation Department Tour itineraries are design to meet Luxury Tour targerted market requirement and local suppliers are pleased with our request and agree to offer competative price Contact with some Spanish travel companies, pursuade them to corporate with Luxury Tour and sign the contracts 15th 15th 5,000 Operation Department At least 10 Spanish travel companies are interested in our offers and agree to cooperate with Luxury Tours Design Website and brochure 1st 15th 1,000 Admin Department The website is well designed , easy-to-follow and imformative Discuss with tourism websites for banner exchange 15th 15th 1,000 Sales and Marketing Department our banner is posted at all sites as listed Print brochure and distribute at luxury hotels, Tan Son Nhat airports and other entertainment centers 15th 15th 3,000 Sales and Marketing Department Our brochures are delivered to the targeted customers Advertising on travel magazines and newspapers 15th June 15th December 2011 700 Sales and Marketing Department Luxury Tour information is advertised for 7 months ( June December 2011) Organize tours for 10 major Spanish travel representative and 10 Spanish travel journalists to Vietnam 15th 5th 20,000 Operation Department All guests are pleased with our service and after this tour, ten articles will be written and published over the next month in major travel magazines and website in Spain Opening ceremony 8th 2,000 100 invited guests, including suppliers, Spanish travel companies, press, Spanish businessmen in HCMC and others TOTAL 37,200

Ethical and Legal Considerations in Social Work Essay -- Social Work E

Shaniya Robinson arrives at the County Human Services Authority for her monthly appointment with her social worker. Ms. Robinson is a 25 year old African American female who is receiving treatment for schizophrenia from the adult behavioral health services program. During a session the client reports that she is under a great deal of stress because she is having difficulty adjusting to being a new mother. Her five month old baby girl Shanice is teething and cries frequently. Ms. Robinson is also struggling financially because she is currently unemployed; her mental illness makes it difficult to sustain employment long term. And she does not receive support from the child’s father on a consistent basis. The combination of these interactional difficulties is weighing heavily on the client who reports an increase in positive and negative symptoms (i.e. auditory hallucinations and social withdrawal). Because the client does not have insurance she disclosed to her social worker that she self-medicates using marijuana in an effort to manage symptoms. More noteworthy, the client explains that she uses the same method to soothe the baby by blowing marijuana smoke in the infant's face. It is certain that Ms. Robinson divulged such information for several reasons, she wants help and she believes that any information she shares within the context of her sessions are confidential. Confidentiality The expectation in the practitioner/client relationship is that any information disclosed will not be shared with others. Confidentiality is emphasized to provide the client with a safe haven in which to share traumatic events or embarrassing personal information about themselves (Krase, 2013). Disclosing this type of sensitive information... ...). Marijuana and Breast Feeding: Is it Safe to Smoke Marijuana and Breastfeed? Retrieved from http://addictions.about.com/od/legalissues/a/Marijuana- And-Breastfeeding.htm?p=1 Krase, K. (2013). Social Workers as Mandated as Reporters: Conflicted Over Confidentiality? Part IV. The New Social Worker. Retrieved from http://www.socialworker.com/feature- articles/practice/social-workers-as-mandated-reporters%3A/page-2.html Louisiana Children's Code. (n.d.). Retrieved on March 27, 2014 from http://www.nicholls.edu/frc/louisiana-chidrens-code/ National Association of Social Workers (2008). NASW Code of Ethics: Guide to the Everyday Professional Conduct of Social Workers. Washington, DC: NASW. Sheafor, B. & Horejsi, C.J. (2012). Techniques and guidelines for social work practice. (9th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

Women and Interfaith Dialogue :: Essays Papers

Women and Interfaith Dialogue The word dialogue implies a personal encounter, a meeting face to face, where the aim is not to change the other partner in the dialogue, but to risk being changed through the process. For women, the main point of dialogue is to build relationships or to conserve them. "Dialogue among women are more life-oriented; they come out of actual experiences, and they are more clearly oriented to bringing about concrete changes in perception and practice at the very basic level of the lives of people." Women's dialogical practice is an alternative to the traditional men's approach. Most men approach their religious tradition primarily with an intellectual, theological, and doctrinaire commitment. Women's religious positions, however, are not as strict as men's. They initiate discussion, reflection, dialogue, and different opinions. It accentuates the diversity of life styles, types of thinking, tolerance and freedom in expressing individuals' ambitions, and it distinguishes the unique charact er of personalities. There are discernible differences between men and women in their approach to and practice of dialogue; however, these generalizations are not made to stereotype all men as exclusively intellectual and dogmatic and all women as experiential and instinctive. This is not an attempt to idealize women and the dialogue among them; it is only to emphasize the distinctive features that characterize dialogue among women, and introduce some of the conflicts and obstacles that arise. The first unique characteristic of dialogue is the ability of a group of women from all different religious traditions to bond. Women develop interfaith understanding through their relationships with other women. Women tend to know the person first and her faith second. It is through such intentional relationship building that women relate to each other best. In experiencing the other, women also come to know themselves better. They are able to confirm their own faith, convert to another tradition, or become educated about another religious community that exists. As a result, interfaith dialogue enables women to understand each other, other faiths, and their own traditions. In a meeting of men, such a diverse group might have become rather controversial. The second factor is women's flexible approach in representing their traditions. In religious dialogue women tend to make contributions based on the content of their religion in scripture and tradition without being defensive or obstinate. In general, women seem to have a more tolerant understanding of religion, while most men approach their religious tradition as a responsibility that has become part of their understanding of life and reality.

No Drug Testing in the Workplace Essay -- legal issues, drug testing

Is it appropriate for employers to test staff for drugs or alcohol? How reliable are these results? Why should some one invade your privacy? Do drug testing determine your skills level for a job? What do drug testing in the work force prove? The arguments against drug testing are it is excessively invasive, may damage relations between employers and employees, and could hamper the recruitment and retention of good staff. In 1986 the Regan administration recommended a drug-testing program for employers. In 1991 The Omnibus Transportation Employee testing act of 1991 were passed. It required mandatory drug testing in trucking and other industries. Over the past 25 years drug testing in the military has increase. Today, approximately 62% of all employers in the US have mandatory drug testing program. Drug testing in the work force have been a very controversial topic ever since. Drug testing should not be in the workplace since it does not measure on the job impairment, do not prevent a ccidents and is an invasion of privacy. There is no clear evidence that drug testing at work has a significant deterrent effect. Drug testing is not a measure of current intoxication and will reveal information about drug use that can have no impact on safety, productivity or performance. Drug testing is designed to detect and punish conduct that is usually engaged in off-duty and off the employer's premises - that is, in private. Employers who conduct random drug tests on workers who are not suspected of using drugs are policing private behavior that has no impact on job performance. Someone may test positive after taking a drug days, weeks or months before. People not generally required to organize their lives to maximize their productivity at work... ...ation and labor. Oversight hearing on drug testing in the workplace. Hearing before the sub- committee on Employment opportunities of the committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives. Durham, Robert, Eugene. Labor Education and Research center. Oregon Univ., and Others and problems in the workplace: AIDS, Drug Testing, Sexual harassment, and Smoking Restrictions LERC Monograh series No. 7. Second Edition. n.p.: 1989. ERIC. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. Elliot, Karen, and Kyna Shelley. â€Å"Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Behavior, Job Performance, And workplace safety.† Journal of Employment Counseling 43.3 (2006): 130. ERIC. Web. 2 Dec. 2013 â€Å"One Hundredth Congress,† Second Session n.p. 1988. ERIC. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. Zarlone, Tersa. â€Å"Drug testing in the workplace is a sensitive issue.† Caribbean Business 29.39. (2001): 38 Caribbean search. Web. 20 Nov. 2013

Solution of Cross Cultural Project Management

Successful Strategies for Global Projects By Alicia Trelles-Duckett on August 23, 2012 7  2  0 No doubt installations in other geographies come with their own inherent set of challenges. Currency fluctuations; centralized versus local procurement; languages; time zones. And those are even before considering difficulties due to the particular technology being deployed, or the source of spare parts, or infrastructure in the country. This discussion aims to introduce a technique which can help you increase the acceptance of your initiative in other geographies, as well as resolve any disagreements quickly and with much improved team spirit.No, it is not the traditional Project Management methodology: I will not start extolling here the virtues of the â€Å"Project Charter†. The magic ingredient in international projects, as I have discovered throughout 18 years of successfully deploying such, is treating our colleagues from other countries in a manner which puts them at ease. Notice that this recommendation goes well past the tired old adage: â€Å"Treat those from other countries with sensitivity†. That much is obvious, and we would certainly try to conduct ourselves thus.The recommendation is to approach colleagues from another geography with a demeanor they would find in their own country. In other words, if you are dealing with Brazilians, try to ‘act Brazilian’ as you collaborate with them; if you are working with a Finn, try to ‘act Finnish’. So how do we develop a good picture of what ‘acting Australian’ or ‘acting Japanese’ might entail? Fortunately, there’s excellent research on intercultural cooperation we can consult. Fons Trompenaars’ Riding the Waves of Culture, or Nancy Adler’s International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior are some of the best books on the intercultural topic.My personal favourite in the â€Å"intercultural† arena, as relevant toda y as when its first edition was published in the UK in 1991, is Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind by Dr. Geert Hofstede. The ground-breaking contribution of Dr. Hofstede’s research is that, through thousands of surveys of IBM professionals in dozens of countries, he is able to arrive at a numerical value for certain elements or â€Å"dimensions† which make up Culture. So for example, we learn that Malaysia, on average, has the highest score (104) for â€Å"Power Distance†, meaning that as a group they are uite comfortable accepting power inequalities in society. At the other extreme, Great Britain and Canada have low scores (35 and 39 respectively), which translate into a â€Å"limited dependence of subordinates on their bosses†. In other words, British and Canadian employees (as a group) are not afraid to approach their bosses or disagree with them. Another useful discussion centers around the topic of â€Å"collectivistic† cultures (where the interest of the group prevails over the interest of the individual) compared to â€Å"individualistic† cultures (in which the interests of the individual prevail).It comes as no surprise that the country with the highest individualism score is the USA (91), closely followed by Australia (90). At the other extreme, the countries with the lowest individualism scores are Ecuador (8) and Guatemala (6). Personally, I have leveraged his findings to arrive at the following communication paradigms, in order to make my counterparts in other geographies more at ease as we negotiate and coordinate project milestones. It has proven a huge advantage, as the largest difficulties in technology projects are not about the technology. They are about people.With colleagues from Latin America (Venezuela, Panama, Mexico, Brazil, Colombia) and certain Asian countries (Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia) with large acceptance of power, †¢ Stress clear definitions: what constit utes in-scope vs. out-of-scope †¢ Stress the benefit to the whole project/company †¢ Stress checkpoints for scope verification †¢ Lively exchange, having fun, yet sticking to the rules With collegaues from Northern/Western Europe/Australia/New Zealand, which exhibit large individualism, †¢ Have all the facts, be decisive †¢ Recognize the contribution of these colleagues †¢ Relaxed approach, not stressing hierarchy Sell/negotiate work deliverables †¢ Stress value of the project to their particular unit How would you know a country’s â€Å"Individualism (IDV)† or â€Å"Power Distance† (PDI) scores? The best source would be Dr. Hofstede’s book. Alternatively, ITIM International has kindly published the scores in the website http://www. geert-hofstede. com/ I hope you find these recommendations useful and that they make you successful in your next international project. —————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ For more resources, see the Library topic Projec http://managementhelp. org/blogs/project-management/2012/08/23/successful-strategies-for-global-projects/

One of the widespread and shocking causes of injustices today is racism

In our modern times, the word racism shouldn't even exist. We should know better than to superficially discriminate against a person because of their race. However, the matter of the fact is that racism does exist and it is a prevalent part of our society. In your life time more than half of you are likely to be subject to racial abuse. Even at school racial stereotypes are candidly thrown about but at some point someone will be hurt by it. In Twelve Angry men the initial unanimous vote bar juror 8, in favour of condemning the boy was based solely on the presumptions made from incomplete facts and presumptions about the boy’s personality due to the stereotypes associated with the boy’s South American heritage. Juror #10 is openly bitter and prejudiced. He believes that anyone coming from a poor neighbourhood is less than human. We can see right from the start that the verdict that the defendant is undoubtedly ‘guilty’ is locked in his mind simply because he has a personal grudge against people like the defendant and he separates himself from their culture by using ‘us’ and ‘them’. He believes that their all alike and he knows all about them and how their no good. When he unleashes his bigotry to the others in a speech, the rest of the disturbed jury turn their backs on him disgusted by his outright racism. Today, one in 4 African-American men between the ages of 20 and 29 are imprisoned, on parole, or under the control of the U. S. criminal justice system in some way – which is more than there are in college. For Latinos, the figure is 1 in 10. For ‘whites’, the number is 1 in 16. A recent study has found that 85% of all black American males will be arrested at least once in their lifetimes. The race of the victim has an impact on sentencing as well. In Dallas, the rape of a white woman results in an average sentence of 10 years, while the rape of a Latino woman gets 5 years and the rape of a black woman gets 2 years. Nationally, murderers with white victims are up to 4. 3 times more likely to be sentenced to death than murderers with black victims. So you might say, that’s America, we don’t need to worry about racism down under. WRONG!! Late 2004, late one night Mulrunji Doomadgee, a 36 year old local of Palm Island of the coast of QLD was arrested for being drunk and died an hour late in a police cell. He suffered massive internal injuries, including a ruptured spleen, four broken ribs and a ‘liver that had been ‘almost cleaved in two' from a huge compressive force. ‘ The officer who arrested him, Senior Sergeant Chris Hurley, claimed that Mulrunji had fallen on stairs. A pathologist's report claimed that the death of was an ‘accident'. Due to this obvious injustice Lex Wotton another Aboriginal man and others set fire to the local police station, court house and police barracks in revolt. A coroner's inquest found that Senior Sergeant Chris Hurley was responsible for Mulrunji's death, as the injuries were consistent with a beating. However, a court found Hurley not guilty for manslaughter. He has since been promoted and is an Inspector on the Gold Coast. In comparison Lex Wotton is now facing a life sentence in prison after an all white jury found him guilty of ‘rioting with destruction'. Athough is an extreme example and all cases aren’t as excessive, racism is still prevalent in our society.

My Dream

My Dream Holiday My dream holiday doesn’t involve only one place but the whole world, because it is to tour the world’s most astonishing places. Firstly there’s Manhattan. New York. As one of the most popular tourist destinations and heavily populated places anywhere in the world, Manhattan offers something for everyone, including vast amounts beauty, irrelevant of what you consider to be beautiful.From the lush greenery and openness of Central Park to the awe-inspiring and breathtaking view from the top of the Rockefeller Centre to the iconic Statue of Liberty, it would be difficult for anyone to visit Manhattan and not find part of it stunning. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, that the area was mapped. Hudson came across Manhattan Island and the native people living there in 1609, and continued up the river that would later bear his name, the Hudson River, until he arrived at the site of pre sent day Albany.Secondly there’s Ireland There’s one town in particularly which is a â€Å"must†. This town is called Killarney. It is located in the province â€Å"Munster† in Country Kerry. Its population was last taken in 2006 and found to be 16931 people. Killarney has featured prominently in early Irish history, with religious settlements playing an important part of its recorded history. Its first significantly historical settlement was the monastery on nearby Innis fallen Island found in 640ad by St. Finian the Leper, which was occupied for approximately 850 years.Thirdly there’s Meteora, Greece. The word â€Å"meteora† means â€Å"Suspended rocks†. The area of Meteora on the Greek mainland is a collection of six monasteries that were constructed on limestone rocks many centuries ago. The six monasteries includes â€Å"The Holy Monastery of Great Meteoron, Varlaam, Rousanou, St. Nicholas Anapausas, St. Stephen and The Monaster y of the Holy Trinity. Their beautiful to look at both up close and from afar, each of the six Eastern Orthodox monasteries are still inhabited to this day. Then there’s the wondrous Creation located in Australia.The Great Barrier Reef. It is officially the largest reef system on earth. The Great Barrier Reef has almost 3,000 reefs encompassed within the 2,600 kilometer area of land that it covers. Although the Great Barrier Reef is clearly visible from space, it is when looking at it from underneath water when it truly appears to be beautiful and somewhat magical. Over 1,500 types of fish call the Great Barrier Reef home and in excess of 400 types of coral can be viewed in the area. Next on my list comes the extraordinary city, Venice.This is one of the most popular cities in Italy. Venice is known primarily for its canals, which provide both romantic and commuter travel within the city. There are, however, many other reasons why a visit to Venice is a must, notably some ama zing feats of architecture. It seems as if every step you take, you will encounter some aspect of the city worth admiring. The major sights like the basilica and piazza of San Marco are perhaps the city’s most famous. There is however much more, but there's always next time for the rest.

Movies with Character Disorders

ilFilm Review Paper: This course tries to cover how psychology and abnormal behavior is often covered by the media. Sometimes life imitates art just as art often imitates life. For better or worse, society’s understanding of mental illness is strongly influenced by media. Nonetheless, it allows for the study of disorders, their etiology, and their diagnosis. For this paper, you are to choose a character from a movie on the list below and write a case description that includes a multi-axial DSM-IV diagnosis. The paper should be 2-3 pages and include the following: a.Background: This can include information about the character’s family, social, medical, academic, and occupational history as well as notable demographic information. b. Clinical Observations: You should include information about the presenting problem, current symptoms, and current social functioning. c. Diagnosis: This should be multi-axial and based on the 5 Axes of the DSM-IV. d. Discussion: Explain, usin g evidence from various sources (textbook, DSM, and one other reliable source), supporting evidence of your main (Axis I and/or Axis II) diagnosis.Additionally, discuss you differential diagnosis, that is, the other diagnoses you considered and why they were ruled out from your final diagnosis. e. Evaluation: Please conclude your paper by evaluating the accuracy of the movie’s depiction of the abnormal behavior/diagnosis based on what you have learned about the disorder. You can earn up to 50 points and grading is based on an evaluation rubric available on the course website on Blackboard. If you hope to choose a movie not on this list, it must first be approved by me. Everyone must submit their choice of film by the beginning of class on September 27.Final papers will be due November 20. A Beautiful Mind (2001) Adaptation (2002) American Beauty (1999) American Psycho (2000) As Good As It Gets (1997) Aviator, The (2004) Bad Santa (2003) Black Swan (2010) Born on the Fourth of July (1989) Boys Don’t Cry (1999) Clean and Sober (1988) Copycat (1995) Deer Hunter, The (1978) Hours, The (2002) House of Sand and Fog (2003) Falling Down (1994) Fatal Attraction (1987) Fight Club (1999) Fisher King, The (1991) Forrest Gump (1994) Full Metal Jacket (1987) Girl, Interrupted (1999) Identity (2003) Iron Lady, The (2011) K-Pax (2001) Leaving Las Vegas (1995)Little Miss Sunshine (2006) Long Day’s Journey into Night (1962) Machinist, The (2004) Matchstick Men (2003) Memento (2001) Midnight Cowboy (1969) Monster’s Ball (2002) Notebook, The (2004) Ordinary People (1980) Primal Fear (1996) Psycho (1960) Rain Man (1993) Red Dragon (2002) Requiem for a Dream (2000) Royal Tenenbaums, The (2001) Shine (1996) Shutter Island (2010) Silence of the Lambs (1991) Single White Female (1992) Sybil (1976) Talented Mr. Ripley, The (1999) Taxi Driver (1976) Three Faces of Eve, The (1957) Trainspotting (1996) Vertigo (1958) When a Man Loves a Woman (1994))

Community Health Nursing Essay

A community health worker is one who provides basic community health care services for promotion of health, prevention of illness, simple treatment and rehabilitation. The services utilizes the philosophy, content, method and skills of public health care. While most nurses care for one patient at a time, public health nurses care for entire populations. By working with whole communities, public health nurses are able to educate people about health issues, improve community health and safety and increase access to care. Public health nurses: Monitor health trends and identify health risk factors unique to specific communities. Set local priorities for health-related interventions to provide the greatest benefit to the most people. Advocate with local, state and federal authorities to improve access to health services for underserved communities. Design and implement health education campaigns and disease prevention activities, such as immunizations and screenings. Tell people about locally available health care programs and services to improve access to care. Educate and provide direct health care services to vulnerable and at-risk populations. Public health nurses believe a person’s health is affected by many factors, including genetic makeup, lifestyle and environment. Instead of waiting for patients to come to the hospital with an illness, they go into communities to try and help people improve their health and prevent disease. For people who don’t have access to care, public health nurses may also provide direct health care services, including preventive care, screening services and health education. Health education is a primary focus of public health nurses. Drawing on their training as registered nurses, public health nurses give people reliable, useful information about how to protect their health. In presentations at schools, community groups, senior centers and other local groups, public health nurses explain proper nutrition, demonstrate effective safety practices, promote early detection of common diseases, tell people how to care for  disabled or ill family members and inform people about other important health issues. Their goal is to make health information easy to understand, so people can take greater control over their well-being. In low-income and rural communities, public health nurses also provide critical health care services. They immunize schoolchildren, provide pre-natal and well-baby care and teach the elderly how to stay safe and healthy at home. They also must be able to recognize and respond to potential health crises. B. CARE ENHANCEMENT QUALITIES OF HEALTH WORKERS IN COMMUNITY SETTING 1. Efficient a. Plans with the people, organizes, conducts, direct health education activities according to the needs of the community. b. Knowledgeable about everything relevant to his practice; has the necessary skills expected of him. 2. Good listener a. Hear what’s being said and what’s behind the words. b. Always available for the participant to voice out their sentiments and needs. 3. Keen observer a. Keep an eye on the proceedings, process and participants’ behavior. 4. Systematic a. Knows how to put in sequence or logical order the parts of the session. 5. Creative/Resourceful a. Uses available resources. 6. Analytical/Critical thinker a. Decides on what has been analyzed. 7. Tactful a. Brings about issues in smooth subtle manner. b. Does not embarrass but gives constructive criticisms. 8. Knowledgeable a. Able to impart relevant, updated and sufficient input. 9. Open a. Invites ideas, suggestions, and criticisms. b. Involves people in decision making. c. Accepts need for joint planning and decision relative to health care in a particular situation; not resistant to change. 10. Sense of humor a. Knows how to place a touch of humor to keep audience alive. 11. Change agent a. Involves participants actively in assuming the responsibility for his own learning. 12. Coordinator a. Brings into consonance of harmony the community’s health care activities 13. Objective a. Unbiased and fair in decision making. 14. Flexible a. Able to cope with different situations. C. Unique Characteristics of Community Health Care 1. It’s imperative to remember that you are a guest in the client’s home and the client directs the care being given with the guidance from your clinical expertise. 2. Your nursing practice is driven by the current Regulations and legislation governing Nursing and Home Health Care. You must have an understanding of the Standards of Community Health Nursing. (www.chnac.ca) 3. As a Community Health Nurse you must possess a desire to practice with an attention to detail, critical thinking, excellent assessment and problem solving skills. 4. You must have the flexibility of scheduling to accommodate the client’s needs while still meeting their health care goals. 5. It is imperative to have access to a reliable vehicle to meet the demands of your role and be competent to drive in all weather conditions. 6. As a Community Health Nurse your are the advocate and liaison for the client’s health care goals, as such you will be communicating, directing, and liaising with other health professionals to ensure the client meets the desired outcomes of their care. 7. Community health nurses have strong clinical skills with special attention given to the Nursing Process and the ability to incorporate new technology and technical skills. Excellence in written and verbal communication is imperative. 8. As a Community Health Nurse you must be able to function both as a generalist and a specialist. You must feel confident in competently and proficiently care for a wide range of clinical issues and best practices, examples include: wound care, psychiatry, maternal and child health, pediatrics, foot care, palliative care, chronic disease management, and geriatrics 9. Community Health Nurses have the ability to function autonomously in a non-structured atmosphere and possess self-direction and independence. 10. Community Health Nurses are driven to continuously learn new skills and technology and adapt their education into practice to best meet the client’s needs and goals. 11. As a Community Health Nurse you must possess an acceptance, appreciation and understanding of the diversity of the client’s you service, and must incorporate their values and beliefs in to the care you provide in a non-judgmental, open-minded manner. 12. You must genuinely care for the client’s wellbeing and possess good listening skills. 13. Managing your time and effectively planning you day is imperative to ensure you’re able to meet the needs of your client’s while still maintaining safe practice. 14. Community Health Nurses are able to acknowledge change and know that change is a constant in home health nursing. 15. Community Health Nurses possess a sense of humor. D. FUNCTIONS OF A HEALTH WORKER 1. Community health service provider Carries out health services contributing to the promotion of health, prevention of illness, early treatment of illness and rehabilitation. Appraises health needs and hazards (existing or potential). 2. Facilitator Helps plan a comprehensive health program with the people. Continuing guidance and supervisory assistance. 3. Health counselor Giving appropriate advice and broadening the client’s insight about a problem so that Appropriate decisions are made which can lead to positive resolution of the problem. Provides health counseling including emotional support to individuals, family, group and community. 4. Co-Researcher Provides the community with stimulation necessary for a wider or more complex study of problems. Enforce community to do prompt and intelligent reporting of epidemiologic investigation of diseases. Suggest areas that need research (by creating dissatisfaction) Participate in planning for the study and in formulating procedures. Assist in the collection of data. Help interpret findings collectively. Act on the result of the research- Plan and conduct of nursing and related studies that contribute to the improvement of nursing and health services, either alone or independently, or in collaboration of other members of the health and intersect oral teams. 5. Member of a team In operating within the team, one must be willing to listen as well as to contribute, to teach as well as to learn, to lead as well as to follow, to share authority as well as to work under it. Helps make multiple services which the family receives in the course of health care, coordinated and comprehensive as possible. Consults with and refers to appropriate personnel for any other community services. 6. Health Educator Health education is an accepted activity at all levels of public work. A health educator is the one who improves the health of the people by employing various methods or scientific procedures to stimulate, arouse and guide people to healthful ways of living. She takes into consideration these aspects of health education. Information- provision of knowledge. Education- change in knowledge, attitude and skills. Communication- exchange of information. E. Health Education WHO define Health Education as any combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes. Health education is often very visible and tangible (i.e., it’s what most health education  programs are â€Å"known for†), and it may often include educational programs, activities and skill-building group or individual sessions. Health education is part of health promotion, but health promotion is more than health education. Health education has been defined in many ways by different authors and experts. Lawrence Green defined it as â€Å"a combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary actions conducive to health.† The terms â€Å"combination, designed, facilitate and voluntary action† have significant implications in this definition. Combination: emphasizes the importance of matching the multiple determinants of behavior with multiple learning experiences or educational interventions. Designed: distinguishes health education from incidental learning experiences as systematically planned activity. Facilitate means create favorable conditions for action. Voluntary action means behavioral measures are undertaken by an individual, group or community to achieve an intended health effect without the use of force, i.e., with full understanding and acceptance of purposes. Most people use the term health education and health promotion interchangeably. However, health promotion is defined as a combination of educational and environmental supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to health. F. Nurse as Health Educator Health education is the duty of everyone engaged in health and community development activities. Health Extension Workers are primarily responsible in working with the families and community at a grass root level to promote health and prevent disease through provision of health education. If health and other workers are not practicing health education in their daily work, they are not doing their job correctly. When treating someone with skin infection or malaria, a health worker should also educate the patient about the cause of the illness and teach preventive skills. Drugs alone will not solve the problems. Without Health Education, the patient may fall sick again from the same disease. Health workers must also realize that their own personal example serves to educate others. Role of health educator Talking to the people and listening of their problems.  Thinking of the behavior or action that could cause, cure and prevent these problems. Finding reasons for people’s behaviors.  Helping people to see the reasons for their actions and health problems. Asking people to give their own ideas for solving the problems. Helping people to look as their ideas so that they could see which were the most useful and the simplest to put into practice. Encouraging people to choose the idea best suited to their circumstances. Reference: Marrelli, Tina M. (1997) Handbook of Home Health Orientation, St. Louis, Mosby Home Health Care Practice Page A Day in the Life of a Home Health Care Nurse . Retrieved from: http://www.rnao.org/storage/15/979 practice page home health pdf

Cause and effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Cause and effect - Essay Example It negatively affects a child’s health and well-being. It is a serious condition, which causes many heath problems as well as psychological problems for the children not only in their childhood but also in the adulthood. Lack of self-confidence is one of the major psychological effects of obesity on children. In addition, obese children do not find it easy to make friends because they are afraid of the comments that other children often pass to them. On the other hand, some of the most common health risks of childhood obesity revealed through various researches include joint pains, high level of cholesterol, heart problems, and high blood pressure. Smith (1999) states, â€Å"Obese people do not live as long as other people† (p. 5). Some other physical problems include inability to play games that require physical exertion and decrease in the stamina. There are various causes of childhood obesity. Some of the main causes include lack of focus towards physical exercises, genetics, and improper diet (Parizkova & Hills, 2005). Another cause of childhood obesity is poor nutritional habits. Researches prove that almost 45 percent of the obese children in the United States eat snacks and junk foods instead of taking a balanced diet. The poor diet choice of such children increase the level of fat in their bodies making them overweight as compared to other children of their age who take balanced diet daily. Moreover, some children like to play video games instead of playing such games, which require physical exertion. This trend in such children also leads to obesity. There exist some effective ways to control this medical problem. It can be controlled by taking balanced diet, doing physical exercises, and participating in social activities. Parents and teachers hold the responsibility to educate children about the effects of obesity to make them take balanced diet. Children should play more

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Analysis - Case Study Example The Daubert vs. Marrel Dow Pharmaceutical Inc. ruling resolved the debate on admitting evidence in the court. As a result, the Daubert ruling is one of the most consequential decisions about the role of forensic evidence in the judicial process. The Daubert case involved a toxic tort case. The court heard that two boys, Jason Daubert and Erick Schuller were born with serious defects because of the negative effects of a drug made by Benedictin. The plaintiff believed that they had been affected because the mother had taken the anti-nausea drug Benedictin while she was pregnant. The two boys decided to sue the organization. The decision placed them among numerous people who were suing for damages. The case got into the public domain because of disputes over the introduction of expert testimony (Gostin & Milbank Memorial Fund, 2002). The ruling would not only affect the case but also determine how forensic evidence such as digital evidence would be allowed in the case. The Supreme Court accepted the case due to the realization that it needed to set the standard for the admissibility of forensic evidence. The major issue was whether the adoption of Federal Rules of Evidence should get more prominence than the Frye standard that had played a significant role in the case. The Supreme Court ruled that the F.R.E should receive more weight than the Frye standard (Coleman, Swenson, Holloway, & Aulinskas, 1994). The rule shifted power from the Frye test and gave the judge powers of determining which evidence should apply in the case. The ruling implied that judges could determine the admissibility of scientific evidence as opposed to only determining the credibility of a witness. An evaluation of the ruling demonstrates that four criteria should apply when determining the admissibility of evidence. Firstly, the court should consider if the theory or

Joint venture success factors in the petroleum industry (management Essay

Joint venture success factors in the petroleum industry (management side) - Essay Example On the other hand, there were thirteen failure factors that gas and oil managers pointed out. The failure factors include; i. Selecting a suitable business partner. ii. Managerial teams having mixed abilities. iii. The company’s power of negotiation. iv. Gain of foreign technology v. Compatibility of each partners objectives vi. Having a clear understanding of the petroleum sector future dynamics vii. Gaining managerial expertise from foreign partners viii. Cooperation between supply and reinforcement. ix. Export development. x. Sharing risks and profits. xi. International marketing cooperation. xii. Joint venture agreement transparency. xiii. Powers for independent decision making. The success factors that were pointed out by the managers include; i. Corporate cultures importance ii. Production cooperation. iii. Solving of conflicts iv. Export development v. Domestic marketing cooperation. vi. Taking an equal responsibility in management vii. The willingness of the partners f rom Algeria to retain their stake as majority shareholders in the Joint Ventures. viii. Involvement of domestic partners in R & D. ix. International leasing eligibility. The data gathered from all the participants in the form of filled questionnaires were then arranged as tables in the SPSS data files in order to be analyzed through the SPSS processor. In total, four SPPSS data files or tables were composed, out of which one represented the Algerian Managers failure factors, one included the Algerian Managers success factors, one comprised of Foreign Managers failure factors and one consisted of Foreign Managers success factors. Each one of the 4 SPSS data files was analyzed by executing the descriptive analysis, t-test analysis and chi-square analysis with the help of the SPSS software. Subsequent to which, the output data that were generated for each table have been presented in the respective tables in the following sections. The SPSS processor also generated the histogram showin g the distribution of each factor with respect to the normal-distribution-curve. The output data for each section will then be compared to develop the similarities and the differences in the perception of the Algerian managers to that of the foreign managers in relation to the success and failure factors of the international oil and gas joint ventures in Algeria both in the past and in the present. 11.1. Literature Review 11.1.1. Hypothesis Testing A hypothesis, in a research-study, can be defined as an expression that can be subjected to analysis. For answering a statistical question, the question is formulated in the form of a hypothesis. Then the hypothesis is accepted or rejected on the basis of the outcome of the analysis. The hypothesis that is being analyzed or tested is referred as the null hypothesis and is denoted by H0, which has to be a true or false statement. There is an alternative hypothesis denoted by HA for every null hypothesis. In this regard, the development and the assessment of the hypotheses is the most important task however the best way for the hypothesis-construction is not necessarily evident: Priority is given to the null hypothesis and it is accepted until some strong evidence is found or produced against it. If a hypothesis is simpler than the other one then it should be given priority in order to adopt a relatively 'simpler' theory unless adequate evidence is found