How far does Macbeth deserve the title “Butcher”? Essay

When deciding whether or not Macbeth is deserving of the title â€Å"butcher† it is a hard decision. There were many contributions by other characters which influenced Macbeth’s actions: such as Duncan crowning Malcolm as his successor and giving the title Thane of Cawdor to Macbeth making in which the last one was a traitor: Banquo who kept his suspicions to himself; and Macbeth and Donalbain who fled. Lady Macbeth was the one who encouraged Macbeth to kill Duncan, giving him the confidence and courage to do the deed. The witch’s’ gave Macbeth the idea in the first place that he was to become king with their prophesies. The order in which I will analyse the characters which contributed to Macbeth’s actions, are the least influential characters to the most influential characters. I must also take into consideration the time period in which Macbeth lived in to make my decision whether Macbeth deserves the title â€Å"butcher†. During the time period in which Shakespeare set Macbeth, society in the 11th Century was very different from what it is today. The society in which Macbeth had lived in was very brutal, revolving around violence, as shown by Shakespeare in his play as executions would be a form torture. Little boys in that time period wanted to be seen as great warriors such as Macbeth, but in order to be one you would have to kill many men in battle. In the time period Macbeth lived in the more men you killed the more honored you became and Shakespeare shows the audience this by making Macbeth being seen as a great warrior during his time due to all the men he’d â€Å"slain† in the battlefield. When Shakespeare wrote the play he had to please James I, who was king at the time as he was his royal play right. Throughout his play he had to convey messages to the audience that James I would approve of. Such a message occurs during the beginning of the play, as the â€Å"disloyal traitor† Macdonald the Thane of Cawdor is killed and the title is then given to Macbeth. The divine right of Kings was very important during Shakespeare’s time period. Society in the 16th Century believed that the whole universe had an order in was decided by God. The King, was believed to be chosen by God, and so any action against the King would be an action against God. Anything unnatural was against this divine order, such as evil, in which society heavily believed in at the time. Shakespeare relates his play to what was happening at the time, as there were many threats to the monarchy such as foreign invaders. At the beginning of the play there is an invasion from the â€Å"Norweyan lord† against Scotland. Not only were there plots by foreign invaders but also insider within the country, such an example is looking back at history during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. During Queen Elizabeths reign, her half sister Mary Queen of Scots plotted to get rid of her. This is seen in the play as Macbeth plots against King Duncan. It was believed that if any harm was brought to the king it would anger God: â€Å"Thou seest the heavens, as troubled with man’s act, threatens his bloody stage† and the portrayer would be punished by god himself. In the play everything is brought back into place, as normal order is back in place as the thrown goes to the rightful heir Malcolm. It was a message to the audience at the time not to plot against the king as the consequences would fall upon you. The society in which Macbeth lived in also believed in God. They believed that if there was good there had to be evil known as Satan who rebelled directly against God and was responsible through witch’s and evil spirits for all attacks on the divine order. Through history during the time society was increasingly preoccupied with witchcraft. Laws came into order so that anyone who was suspected of witchcraft could be executed. At that time Shakespeare wrote the play the people were of a very superstitious culture as James I published a book on â€Å"Demonology† in 1597. Shakespeare relates his play to society at the time as he incorporates three witch’s that are â€Å"So withered, and so wild in their attire,† as they were sources of the supernatural. Throughout the play of ‘Macbeth’ Shakespeare relates his play to what was going on at the time. By using this play as a source of evidence and my own knowledge I am able to conclude that they lived in a very harsh and brutal society where innocent people weren’t put on trial but hanged by accusations. In the time period we live in today, Macbeth’s action would make him a butcher, yet in the context of the time period Macbeth was living in, I think he would be more acceptable in the community due to the harsh realities of life they lived in. I must also take into consideration the actions of the other characters, which influence Macbeth to become a â€Å"butcher† even though they might have unwillingly contributed towards Macbeth’s actions. Such a character is Duncan who had given Macbeth the title â€Å"The Thane of Cawdor† after the previous one was a â€Å"disloyal traitor†. The title ultimately makes Macbeth the most powerful thane. To a certain extent, Duncan is to blame due to naming the heir to the throne as Malcolm, even after all the loyalty and bravery Macbeth expressed towards the king. What furthered Mabeth’s slaughterous actions is fact that Malcolm, Donalbain and Macduff â€Å"fled† from the â€Å"tyrants rule† as they betrayed Macbeth by building an army to fight against him. The character that could have stopped Macbeth from the start was Banquo, as he’s suspicious that Macbeth â€Å"play’dst mosy foully for’t† yet he thinks abou t the witch’s prophesies and what it’d hold for his future, in which he would be the â€Å"root and father of many kings† so he keeps his suspicions to himself. Lady Macbeth had a strong influence over Macbeth in his decision to kill the king. Macbeth contemplates over whether or not to kill the king yet his final decision is that he’ll â€Å"proceed no further in this business† unlike Lady Macbeth who decides to kill the king: â€Å"The raven himself is hoarse that croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan under my battlements† after reading the letter written from her husband. Yet Lady Macbeth believes Macbeth is too kind to kill the king as he is â€Å"too full o’th’ milk of human kindness† in order to fulfill his ambition in becoming king. She is determined for her husband to become the future king of Scotland as when the couple meet, Lady Macbeth speaks her mind and persuades her husband into doing what she thinks will benefit them the most. Lady Macbeth encourages him with comments such as â€Å"so much more the man† if he becomes the king. Lady Macbeth manipulates her husband as she convinces him to do the deed to prove his love for her, as she says she’d be willing to do anything for Macbeth by saying: â€Å"I would†¦have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, and dashed the brains out.† At first Macbeth doesn’t want to kill the king as he’s been â€Å"honoured† lately by the King with the title Thane of Cawdor but Lady Macbeth’s skill works as Macbeth is â€Å"settled† to do the â€Å"terrible feat† which ultimately is to kill the king. It is Lady Macbeth, who plans and organizes the murder, as she is impatient and wants the â€Å"future in the instant†. Without Lady Macbeth’s meticulous planning Macbeth may have never been able to go and kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth herself is the one that that calls upon supernatural spirits (â€Å"Come you spirits†) in order to become like a man, and fulfill the dreadful deed, which would take place. Yet Lady Macbeth contradicts herself as she can’t kill the king herself as Duncan resembles the face of her â€Å"father†. What furthers Macbeth’s murderous thoughts is the fact that when Macbeth didn’t want to kill Duncan she called him a â€Å"coward† and so Macbeth now wants to impress his wife when she finds out his great plans which leads to more killing. The second biggest thing that Lady Macbeth does which contributes to Macbeth becoming a butcher is the fact she is very deceitful. When the King arrives she plays the role of a humble hostess welcoming Duncan with many compliments, and offering â€Å"All their service† to him. It leads Duncan to believe nothing is wrong as he’s not suspicious of what a dark realm he is entering. Lady Macbeth is the one who makes sure the procedure of the plan is precise as she goes over it with Macbeth. She knows Macbeth must not show his guilt and so tells him â€Å"look like th’ innocent flower, but be serpent under’t†. Once Macbeth has killed the King he feels â€Å"sorry† and feels guilty about what he’d done, which is a contrast to how Lady Macbeth is feeling, as she tells Macbeth off for such a â€Å"foolish thought†. Lady Macbeth mocks her husband for being such a coward and to get over it, as he’s weak, feeble and overcome by the grief that shadows him. After the murder of King Duncan has taken place, Lady Macbeth is the one that takes charge and is in control as she knows that they must cover up their crime and blame it on others. Such an instance is when Lady Macbeth goes to sort things out as she says: â€Å"Give me the daggers† as she then goes off to â€Å"†¦smear the sleeply grooms with blood†. Once everything is in place Lady Macbeth once again orders Macbeth to retire back to their chamber in order to look innocent as â€Å"a little water clears us of this deed† which is ironic as she then does this as she goes crazy. A minor crime which Lady Macbeth committed, which may have contributed to Macbeth becoming a butcher is before Macbeth kills the king is when Lady Macbeth prepares to get the King’s guards drunk. Lady Macbeth sneakily served excessive amounts of alcohol to the kings guard â€Å"which hath made them drunk†. It served to put the King’s guards to sleep as they no longer had a watchful eye in order to protect Duncan from the dreadful deed that would have to take place in front of them without them knowing. Not only that but also when the lords find Duncan no longer lives and they announce the dreadful news, Lady Macbeth plays the role of a good actress as she pretends she doesn’t know a thing: â€Å"Woe, alas! What, in our house?† When the lords question Macbeth about the murder of king Duncan, Lady Macbeth suddenly faints. Whether this faint was on purpose or not, it diverts all the attention that was on Macbeth onto Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth’s plan worked well, as there is no suspicion that has fallen upon them, for the death of King Duncan has fallen upon others, such as the guards. The three â€Å"hags† are a representation of trouble and evil, being â€Å"withered† and â€Å"wild† in their attire. They influenced Macbeth in the process of becoming a butcher with their prophecies. Before Macbeth even knows anything about the witch’s, they plan â€Å"to meet with Macbeth† to try tempt him with their riddles and use him as a tool towards the destruction of the natural world order. They knew Macbeth’s weakness, unlike Banquo who is good and could resist the witch’s prophecies. They are malicious and crude in their nature and seek to cause chaos, mischief and misery in the world because they see evil as good, and good as evil â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair†. Whenever the witch’s are present they bring along their omens of evil such as thunder, lightning and rain. Just before the witch’s are about to meet Macbeth a witch chants † A drum, a drum! Macbeth doth come†. This is very portentous and a warning that bad things are to come. The witch’s tell Macbeth about his future with their prophecies. Once they have spoken their riddles Macbeth is desperate to know more about his future as he becomes intrigued by what he has been told: â€Å"Stay you imperfect speaker, tell me more.† Macbeth doesn’t think what he is told by the witch’s is true but wants to believe that it is. The first prophecies the witch’s predicted which Macbeth did not know of yet is that he would become the Thane of Cawdor. Ironically, after the witch’s had told him this he was then given the title that the witch’s had foreseen. The second prophecies the witch’s tell Macbeth may have greatly influenced Macbeth in his future actions in becoming a butcher. The second prophecy claims that Macbeth would become King. As â€Å"two truths are told† with what the witch’s told him being Thane of Glamis and now Thane of Cawdor, it made Macbeth believe that he â€Å"shalt be king hereafter!† The witch’s have framed Macbeth into a state of mind that this is a â€Å"happy prologue† and that his power can only grow from Thane of Cawdor. The prophecy gets Macbeth to think of a â€Å"horrid image doth unfix my hair† that he may have to take action of his own, in order to secure his own future in becoming king. Then on a second thought Macbeth thinks that if the prophecy is true it will happen without him having to interfere as he thinks: â€Å"chance may crown me without my stir†. The influence of the witch’s prophecies has changed Macbeth in his line of thought, as all he wants to do now is contemplate and discuss with Banquo the witch’s prophecies. It triggers Macbeth to get Lady Macbeth involved as he’s fascinated by what he thinks is good fortune, which ultimately leads him working for the evil causing pain and havoc which is exactly as the witch’s wanted. Macbeth was a puppet used by the witch’s, which he naively was unable to see. Since seeing the witch’s, Macbeth changes from a â€Å"noble man† to a â€Å"tyrant† due to trying to accomplish the prophecy that he wants so very much. After Macbeth killed Duncan there is a reversal of the normal order as a â€Å"falcon† was â€Å"hawked at, and killed† by a â€Å"mousing owl†. The events that occurred are very ominous as it is a dark day. Everything has been affected by Macbeth’s actions, therefore it has turned the world â €Å"wild in nature† as it has been disrupted. God shows his anger as the one he chose as the ruler of Scotland is now dead. This is exactly the way the witch’s wanted it to be. A minor crime by which the witch’s influence Macbeth into becoming a butcher is when they decide to trick Macbeth by using apparitions. Hecate herself blames the witch’s for the starting of chaos in Scotland: â€Å"To trade and traffic with Macbeth, in riddles and affairs of death†. This proves Macbeth can’t be fully held responsible. They cast a spell where there is a great influence of evil supernatural powers, changing the way Macbeth thinks and sees things. The witch’s trick Macbeth as they deliberately allow him to think that he’s learning the truth from a superior power when it’s all a faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade. Part of Hecate’s plan is that the sprites will confuse Macbeth so much he’ll make mistakes: â€Å"strength of their illusion, shall draw him on to his confusion.† The witch’s suggest who he should be careful of, such a case being Macduff â€Å"Beware the Thane of Fife† suggesting to Macbeth that he should eliminate anyone that may cause him any harm. Part of the witch’s trick is to make Macbeth feel invincible by using the apparitions that tell Macbeth â€Å"none of woman born shall harm Macbeth† and that he would be safe for his entire life as â€Å"Macbeth shall never vanquished be†. The consequences of Macbeth meeting with the witch’s make him become unaware of the trick that being played on him as he is happy and re-assured with the news, becoming over beamingly confident with his reign. The witch’s have corrupted Macbeth by using spells for him to do bad, as he is now greedy wanting more, such as passing the crown down to his descendants rather than Banquo’s. The witch’s purposely infuriate Macbeth to make him behave rationally as they taunt him. Hecate planned to make Macbeth more of a butcher than he really is â€Å"he shall†¦scorn death†. The witch’s molded Macbeth into a butcher by using his weaknesses. Concerning how far Macbeth deserves the title â€Å"butcher† much of time Macbeth’s actions were influenced by a certain individuals such as Lady Macbeth and the three witch’s. Such a case is when Macbeth killed King Duncan. To a certain extent, those certain individuals cannot be blamed and Macbeth must be held responsible. Macbeth didn’t have to do anything he didn’t want to, such as killing Duncan. When the witch’s told Macbeth of the second prophecy they never mentioned the fact that he should actually go and kill King Duncan. Yet like Lady Macbeth he became impatient to know about the future. Lady Macbeth isn’t the only one that can be labeled deceitful as Macbeth told Duncan his only role is to be loyal towards him and â€Å"towards your love and honour†. Macbeth had the â€Å"absolute trust† and respect of the king, as he had fought brutally in the war like a warrior killing many of Duncan’s enemies. Due to his bravery was given the title Thane of Cawdor officially being the most powerful Thane, yet it wasn’t enough for Macbeth as he still wanted more power which shows his greed. When the witch’s first prophecy comes true, all Macbeth wants to hear is Banquo to confirm the second prophecy and say â€Å"You shall be king†. This is due to the fact that Macbeth is very keen on the subject, yet Banquo warns him about the â€Å"instruments of darkness† yet out of excitement and pride he take no notice. Once Duncan names his successor as Malcolm Macbeth starts his murderous thoughts who unlike Banquo accepts it and is happy for Malcolm. While to Macbeth Malcolm is seen as an obstacle, which needs to be got rid of. If Macbeth had never written the letter to his wife about the witch’s prophecies, she would have never encouraged him to kill the king. Even though Lady Macbeth seems to be the mastermind behind all the planning, Macbeth never dismisses the idea of killing Duncan. Macbeth at the end of the discussion with Lady Macbeth he makes up his own mind â€Å"I am settled.† When it comes to killing Duncan, Macbeth is only worried about the consequences of â€Å"If we should fail† and not the moral. The visions of the dagger that Macbeth has were created by his thoughts. When Macbeth does kill the king and he couldn’t say â€Å"amen† it shows that Macbeth is worried, as he has now gone against god and will be punished for his actions. Macbeth in contrast is very different once the lords arrive as he’s calm and collected unlike the nervous wreck he was before. Macbeth is now able to control himself and lie well, as he acts innocent to his actions â€Å"loyal and neutral† as he defends himself against accusations. I believe that when Macbeth decides to kill his best friend Banquo, he in modern day society would be seen a â€Å"butcher†. One bad deed of Macbeth’s lead to another â€Å"Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill†, as Banquo was suspicious of Macbeth that he â€Å"play’dst most foully for’t†. Even though Macbeth has got the thrown he is still not content with his present situation as he doesn’t feel safe: â€Å"To be thus is nothing, But to be safely thus.† Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to accept the past â€Å"what’s done is done† yet Macbeth is unable too. Macbeth is devious as he tries to find out Banquo’s and Fleance’s movements in light conversation â€Å"Ride you this afternoon?† so he may ambush him. Even though he’s plotting Banquo’s murder Macbeth is two faced as he pretends to be nice to him. Macbeth and Banquo were always seen as equals, yet Banquo is loyal to Macbeth as he is king unlike Macbeth. Instead of Lady Macbeth arranging things now, Macbeth is the one planning. Macbeth is now misleading his wife as she knows nothing. In order for Macbeth to get the murderers to kill Banquo and Fleance he lies to them by telling them it was Banquo â€Å"which held you so under fortune†. Macbeth is glad about Banquo’s violent death. Macbeth is starting to talk like the witch’s as he uses inverted meanings such as â€Å"Banquo’s safe?† after being killed. By now Macbeth is able to hide anything and is a good liar as he pretends to miss Banquo and blames him for not attending, when Macbeth is the reason he isn’t there. Macbeth thinks that he’s done so many bad things that it’s to late to stop and isn’t giving up as â€Å"We are yet but young in deed.† Macbeth by this point has involved himself with evil â€Å"I conjure you† and is now evil himself and is doomed with the title â€Å"butcher†. Macbeth has resorted to killing innocent women and children â€Å"Each new mourn, new widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows strike heaven on the face†. Macbeth now resides to act without delay and will kill without hesitating: â€Å"From this moment firstlings of my heart shall be firstlings of my hand.† When Macbeth decides to attempt and kill Macduff, he targets his family who haven’t done anything wrong and are undeserving of their fate. Macbeth’s evil and cruelty shows through the suffering throughout the country of Scotland. Lady Macbeth feels guilty as she feels she started Macbeth on his evil path to destruction but didn’t know about any of her husband’s actions after the murder of Duncan. Macbeth has now become a â€Å"tyrant† and his â€Å"murders sticking on his hands†. Macbeth is determined to fight to the end till his â€Å"bones† and â€Å"flesh be hacked†. As he now knows that he is a butcher and no longer has a conscious, as when he finds out he was lied to by the witch’s, he’d rather â€Å"die with the harness on our back†. Macbeth wants to inflict as much pain on others before he dies, in which he fails to do so.

The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe - 926 Words

The Cask of Amontillado, by Edgar Allan Poe, is a deliciously ironic story about guilty conscience. The central character, Montresor, has been insulted by his rival, Fortunato, and vows revenge. He plans to entomb Fortunato in the catacombs below his house, and he establishes a set of guidelines for a successful revenge. As the plan progresses, however, Montresor loses his determination. Though Montresor does entomb Fortunato, he cannot savor the revenge because a guilty conscience consumes him for the next fifty years. Poe, a master of human nature, suggests with his story that one’s conscience cannot even ruin the perfect crime. Poe uses irony to reveal Montresor s internal conflict and dynamic character. At first, Montresor is a man full of determination and spite. He has borne the brunt of Fortunato s arrogance for years. Finally, some unnamed insult drives him over the edge, and he vows to punish with impunity (1149). In fact, impunity is one of the conditions that Montr esor has established; the other is that the avenger must make himself known as such to the victim. With those conditions in place, Montresor proceeds with determination and a sense of justice. Indeed, Montresor s sense of self-righteousness is his beginning key trait. Fortunato volunteers to help Montresor verify the authenticity of the Amontillado that Montresor claims he has purchased. By doing so, Fortunato furthers the surface conflict of man vs. man, Montresor v. Fortunato, but theShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. 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Music Therapy Use For Autism Spectrum Disorder - 3381 Words

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Question: Discuss About The CSR Of Aristocrat Vs CSR Of Fortescue Metal Group? Answer: Introduction: The aim of the paper is to compare and contrast between the vision, values, CSR and stakeholders mention in the corporate statements of two business organisations. The two business organisations chosen for the study are Aristocrat Limited, the international gaming company housed in Australia and Fortescue Metal Group Limited, the iron mining giant of Australia. The first section compares the vision statements of the two companies and analysis them on the basis of the SMART model. The second section delves and contrasts between the values of the two business organisations followed by a SMART analysis. The third section studies and compares the CSRs of Aristocrat and Fortescue leading to a SMART analysis. The final section compares between the stakeholders mentioned in the corporate statements of the two companies. A vision or mission statement: The vision statement of Aristocrat Limited is to cultivate world class gaming and gambling experience for the players from all round the world. The company is an Australian public limited company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange and present all over the world. The companys vision statement reveals it intention to provide the best gaming products to its geographically dispersed consumer bases. It aims to provide them with most enjoyable games and interaction processes which employ modern technology (aristocrat.com. 2017). The vision statement of Fortescue Metal Group Limited is to be the most secure, cost effective and profitable iron ore producing company in the world. The companys vision statement also states that it is striving to cultivate a unique organisational culture and human resource capable establishing and maintaining a safe environment(Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. 2017). A comparison between the vision statements of the two companies reveal a number of differences which can be attributed to the respective industries to which they belong. Aristocrat Limited is an international gaming company and is a part of the entertainment industry. It is present in ninety countries, follows the policies set by two hundred and forty regulators and has three thousand global teams. Hence its vision revolves around providing superior gaming experience to its global base of gamers at affordable prices (?ovi?, Ali? and Mani? 2016). Fortescue Group Limited is an iron ore mining company which is a part of the mining industry. Its vision in contrast with Aristocrat gives more priority to safety, cost effectiveness and profitability. This is due to the fact that mining involves hundreds of hazards which lead to accidents and fatalities of workers. Mining involves use of a huge manpower, advanced technology and resources which makes it extremely costly. Hence, Fortescues vision statement reflects its safety concerns while Aristocrats vision statement does not reflect it (Mahdevari, Shahriar and Esfahanipour 2014). The second point of difference between the vision statements of the two companies is the risk factors. The Fortesue Metal Group is an iron mining firm hence; the risk factor is evident in its vision statement. The company aims to operate in a safer environment to minimise the accidents and fatalities. Compared to Fortescue, Aristocrat is a gaming company. So its vision statement does not have mention about risk factors (Burgherr and Hirschberg 2014). SMART analysis of values: Specific: A contrast between the vision statements of both Aristocrat and Fortescue are specific. The vision statement of Aristocrat speaks about its intention to provide the gamers with the international gaming experience. Compared to Aristocrat, the vision statement of Fortescue is more expansive because it covers safety, cost effectiveness and profitability aspects. Hence, it is more specific compared to the vision of Aristocrat (Tyulenev et al. 2016). Measurable: The vision of Aristocrat mentions provision of new games and gambling opportunities of international standards. The performance of the key aspects of Aristocrats business can be measured by comparing the amounts of revenue generation before and after introduction of certain games. The vision of Fortescue Metal Group is vast and measuring the performance of the key elements like productivity is tougher compared to Aristocrat. In fact, the performance of Fortescue is not fully measurable and the profit does not reflect the performance accurately. This is because the losses like accidents at the mining sites due to heavy rainfall can be measured accurately (Blaikie et al. 2014). This analysis shows that the performance standards of Fortescue cannot be measured accurately owing to influence of external environmental factors like heavy rains and resultant loss of materials and human resources. Achievable: Aristocrats vision is more achievable compared to the vision of Fortescue. This is because the operations of Aristocrat involve minimum physical hazards compared to Fortescue which results in losses worth millions of Australian dollars. Realistic: The statements of vision of both Aristocrat and Fortescue are realistic and practical. The values of Aristocrat involve creation of superior gaming experiences for its customers. The vision statement of Aristocrat embraces areas like safety, cost effectiveness and maximisation of profits. It must also be pointed out that the vision statement of Fortescue cannot be achieved to full extent to high chances of environmental hazards in the mining areas. This analysis shows that the vision of Fortescue is not totally realistic in the light of the influences of environmental conditions which the beyond the control of Fortescue (Gao et al. 2017). Timely: The vision of Aristocrat to deliver international gaming experiences can be achieved within a shorter span of time. The vision statement of Fortescue embraces employee safety, cosyt effectiveness and revenue maximisation. It can be opined that the achievement of safety in the mines requires heavy investment in technology, human resources management and enhancement of safety measures (Erkan et al. 2016). Hence, in the light of the above facts, it can stated that compared to the vision of Aristocrat, the visions of Fortescue are time consuming, expensive and can only be achieved in the long run. Values of the organisations: The core values of Aristocrat are respect, courage, integrity and passion. The values of the organisation embrace employment of talented employees, advanced technology and innovation to enhance the gaming experiences of the gamers all round the world. The organisational values of Fortescue Metal Group covers employee safety, family of its employees, integrity, determination, enthusiasm, over achievement of targets, employee empowerment, generation of new ideas and cost effectiveness (Saudi and Noor 2015). A comparison of the values of Aristicrat and Fortesce show that the organisational values of the former has a narrower scope compared to the latter. The values of Aristocrat encompass respect, courage, integrity and passion. The values of Fortescue Group cover several issues like employee safety and cost effectiveness. A contrast between the organisational values of the two companies show that the values of Fortescue actually reflect the inherent risks factors like accident of the mining industry. The values of Aristocrat do not reflect the dangers like cyber threats which are inherent to the gaming industry (Johnson et al. 2014). SMART Analysis of the values: A SMART analysis of the values of Aristocrat and Fortescue are as follows: Specific: The values of Aristocrat are very specific and speaks about values like respect, courage, integrity and passion. The values of Fortescue encompass vast areas like employee safety, work life balance and innovation. These components of the values of Fortescue directly reflect the opportunities like innovations and threats like safety issues inherent to the mining sector. However, the components like courage and integrity do not reveal to the gaming and gambling industry specifically. These comparisons show that values of Fortescue are more specific compared to the values of Aristocrat(Owen and Kemp 2014). Measurable: The values of Fortescue can be quantified and are hence more measurable compared to Aristocrat. The components of the organisational values of Fortescue like safety and cost effectiveness can be measured by calculating the reduction of accidents and losses due to them for a given period. The reduction in losses due to reduction in the number of accidents can be expressed monetarily and compared with past records to measure their effectiveness. However the components of the values of Aristocrat like courage and integrity cannot be measured monetarily (Blaikie et al. 2014). Hence, a comparison between the organisational values of the two companies on the grounds of measurability shows that the values of Fortescue are measurable. Achievable: The values of Aristocrat consists of components like courage, integrity and respect. The value system of Fortescue consists of components like employee safety, employee empowerment, work life balance and frugality. A comparison between the values of the two companies show that the values of Aristocrat like courage and respect can be achieved more easily. The values of Fortescue require huge initial investment like safety training of employees and installation of modern technology. They also require employment of additional safety officers to train and supervise the employees on appropriate safety measures. Thus, it can be stated that it more difficult to achieve the organisational values of Fortescue. However, it can also be stated that achievement of the organisational values like employee empowerment would motivate the employees to achieve higher standards of productivity which would add to the market value of the company (Slack, Corlett and Morris 2015). Realistic: The organisational values of Aristocrat consist of courage, integrity and passion. The organisational values of Fortescue consist of components like employee empowerment, employee safety and work life balance. A comparison between the values of the two companies on grounds of reality shows that the values of Fortescue are more realistic compared to Aristocrat. Values like empowerment of employment and augmentation of safety measures can be enforced and achieved in real life. This comparison shows that the values of Fortescue are more realistic, believable and would motivate the workers to increase their efficiencies (Morantz 2013). This would consequently increase the standard of business excellence achieved by Fortescue. Timely: The values of Aristocrat like courage and passion can be installed in the company within short span of time. However, it can be pointed out that in comparison to the Aristocrats values, the values of Fortescue like increment in safety of workers can be achieved only in the long run. This is because such enforcement of values like increment of safety measures would require huge long term investments like installation of modern machinery, safety training of employees and hiring of safety personnel (Kamsu-Foguem, Rigal and Mauget 2013). Hence, it can stated that compared to Aristocrat, the values if Fortescue can be achieved only in the long run. Corporate Social Responsibilities: The corporate social responsibilities of the two companies Aristocrat Leisure Limited and Fortescue Metals Group have important roles in their own company policies and procedures. A comparison of Corporate Social Responsibilities between these two companies should be able to understand both of these belong to different industries. Aristocrat Leisure Limited, in Sydney, Australia, is a company that provides technologies and services to the international gaming industry. Fortescue Metal Group is a mining company situated in eastern Perth, Australia. Since Aristocrat is a gaming and gambling company so they do not cause pollution like the Fortescue group (Chan, Watson and Woodliff 2014). Due to the variation in industries the mining company is much broader and focuses on slavery, climate change, employee health and safety and corruption. This difference shows that in comparison to Aristocrat Leisure Limited, Fortescues CSR is vast and large. Fortescues value is at the top of their appro ach to CSR. They set the moral and ethical conditions which encompasses the company. The code of conduct builds the necessary standards of corporate and personal behavior and conduct expected from the company. The company Fortescue metal group has joined the numerous initiatives which endorse the maximum standards with respect to CSR and United Nations Global Impact. The community category of Aristocrat covers the effectiveness and commitment within the national, local and international community in which it operates its business (Mason and Simmons 2014). It showcases the citizenship, volunteerism and charity of the two companies Aristocrat and Fortescue metals group. The community focuses on the human rights record and the supply chain treatment of the companies. Along with that it covers the social and environmental impacts of the products and services of the company which helps in developing the sustainable products, technologies and processes. The employee category evaluates the initiatives of proactive management, complying with the national rules and regulations and quality of policies and programs. Employee health and safety policies, safety management systems, safety performance record and comprehensive benefits are also included in the corporate social responsibility of the company. Another category is environment where the data covers the interaction with the environment along with using natural resources and the companies impact on the ecosystem of the planet. It assesses the corporate performance of the environment including the regulations, mitigation, leadership and energy efficient operations of the company(Jizi et al. 2014). There are programs in the management which involves the stakeholders for improving the condition of the environment. The fourth category ensures the disclosure of procedures, executive compensation and the ethical leadership of the company. Corporate governance indicates the leadership structure and the values that of corpo rate direction performance and ethics. The execution of CSR of Fortescue is broader and more elaborate than the Aristocrat group. This is because they have collaborations with foreign bodies like United Nations which enhances the sustenance of natural resources and biodiversity (Ayuso et al. 2014). SMART analysis of CSR can be compared between the two companies in the following way. Specific- While the CSR of Fortescue is broad and vast, the CSR of Aristocrat is specific and to the point of the nature of their business. Measurable- The CSR of Aristocrat can be measured easily because they are not spread at large like the Fortescue metal. Achievable- CSR of Aristocrat is easily achievable but the CSR of Fortescue is not because of the smaller expansion of their business. Since Fortescue is a huge business therefore the CSR will not be easily achievable. Realistic- The CSR of Aristocrat will not be realistic as compared to Fortescue metal because of their larger expansion which might not give the desired result. Timely- The CSR of Fortescue involves stakeholders and a variety of items like slavery, corruption and human rights and it is achievable within a short time period. Therefore, to achieve the CSR of Fortescue will take a lot of time and need to be categorized into differen t short, medium and long term goals to achieve (Chan, Watson and Woodliff 2014). Stakeholders mentioned in the corporate statements: The companies have two kinds of stakeholders- internal and external. Internal stakeholders include directors, chairman and executives while the external stakeholders include customers, suppliers and other such publics. Corporate statements report of the Fortescue showed that their number of stakeholders is bigger than that of Aristocrat. The top external stakeholder of Aristocrat is PWC or Price Waterhouse Coopers. Fortescue has Joint Ores Reserve Committee, WA department of Mines as their main external stakeholders. Both these companies, Aristocrat and Fortescue have stakeholders like customers and community. The stakeholders can have an impact on the policies, objectives and actions of the organizations (ArAs 2016). Conclusion From the comparison and contrast of the two companies, Aristocrat leisure Limited and Fortescue metals group, it can be concluded that although they belong to different industries but still they have a common goal when it comes to earning profits. Difference in vision and mission regarding the Corporate Social Responsibility have showed that the mining company Fortescue group is much bigger and expanded than the gaming company, Aristocrat. This assignment also had a SMART evaluation of the two companies which shows that Fortescue surpasses Aristocrat in every way starting from the stakeholders to their corporate social responsibilities. References: ArAs, G., 2016.A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. aristocrat.com. 2017. Community. [online] Available at: https://www.aristocrat.com/community [Accessed 9 Aug. 2017]. Ayuso, S., Rodrguez, M.A., Garca-Castro, R. and Ario, M.A., 2014. Maximizing stakeholders interests: An empirical analysis of the stakeholder approach to corporate governance.Business society,53(3), pp.414-439. Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. and Wisner, B., 2014.At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge. Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. and Wisner, B., 2014.At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge. Burgherr, P. and Hirschberg, S., 2014. Comparative risk assessment of severe accidents in the energy sector.Energy Policy,74, pp.S45-S56. Chan, M.C., Watson, J. and Woodliff, D., 2014. Corporate governance quality and CSR disclosures.Journal of Business Ethics,125(1), pp.59-73. ?ovi?, N., Ali?, H. and Mani?, G., 2016. Effects of recreational soccer on health status improvement.Sport Sci,18. Erkan, B., Ertan, G., Yeo, J. and Comfort, L.K., 2016. Risk, profit, or safety: Sociotechnical systems under stress.Safety science,88, pp.199-210. Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. 2017. Corporate Social Responsibility. [online] Available at: https://fmgl.com.au/community/corporate-social-responsibility/ [Accessed 9 Aug. 2017]. Gao, J., Pan, J., Wang, M. and Gu, S., 2017. The Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Rainstorm Disaster in Sichuan Province over the Past Decade.Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,5(08), p.1. Jizi, M.I., Salama, A., Dixon, R. and Stratling, R., 2014. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from the US banking sector.Journal of Business Ethics,125(4), pp.601-615. Johnson, B., Laszka, A., Grossklags, J., Vasek, M. and Moore, T., 2014, March. Game-theoretic analysis of DDoS attacks against Bitcoin mining pools. InInternational Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security(pp. 72-86). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Kamsu-Foguem, B., Rigal, F. and Mauget, F., 2013. Mining association rules for the quality improvement of the production process.Expert systems with applications,40(4), pp.1034-1045. Mahdevari, S., Shahriar, K. and Esfahanipour, A., 2014. Human health and safety risks management in underground coal mines using fuzzy TOPSIS.Science of the Total Environment,488, pp.85-99. Mason, C. and Simmons, J., 2014. Embedding corporate social responsibility in corporate governance: A stakeholder systems approach.Journal of Business Ethics,119(1), pp.77-86. Morantz, A.D., 2013. Coal Mine Safety: Do Unions Make a Difference?.ILR Review,66(1), pp.88-116. Owen, J.R. and Kemp, D., 2014. Free prior and informed consent, social complexity and the mining industry: Establishing a knowledge base.Resources Policy,41, pp.91-100. Saudi, M.H.M. and Noor, K.B.M., 2015. The Effect of Performance Management System Implementation: The Case of A Malaysian Service Organization from BSC Learning and Growths Perspective.ADVANCES IN GLOBAL BUSINESS RESEARCH Vol. 12, No. 1, ISSN: 1549-9332, p.154. Slack, R.E., Corlett, S. and Morris, R., 2015. Exploring employee engagement with (corporate) social responsibility: A social exchange perspective on organisational participation.Journal of Business Ethics,127(3), pp.537-548. Tyulenev, M., Zhironkin, S., Kolotov, K. and Garina, E., 2016. Background of innovative platform for substitution of quarry water purifying technology.Pollution Research,35.

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U.S. Government (History) The United States Government A collection of short reports all dealing with the United States Government. William Jefferson Clinton William Jefferson Clinton was born on August 19, 1946, in Hope, Arkansas. His father, William J. Blythe III was killed in an automobile collision just two months before William's birth. At age four, William Jefferson Blythe IV was legally adopted by his mothers second husband, Roger Clinton, making him William Jefferson Clinton. At age 22 William received a Bachelor's degree from Georgetown University. Just five years later, he received his law degree from Yale. Soon after graduating from Yale, he became a law professor at the University of Arkansas. He did not stay in one place for long though, and in 1978 he became the Attorney General of Arkansas. From this political position, he moved higher up in the ranks and in 1978 won the election for the gubernatorial seat of Arkansas. In the 1980 elections, however, William (Bill) was defeated by Republican Frank White. As the youngest governor of Arkansas in 40 years, Bill then became the youngest ex-governor in United States history. During the interim, Clinton was hired by the law firm Wright, Lindsey and Jennings. In the 1982 elections, Mr. Clinton went after the position of governor with renewed vigor and defeated incumbent Republican Frank White. During the campaigning for the election a Time magazine article stated: ?If Clinton does win, it could seem like less a comeback than a canny mid-course correction in the path of a young, bright political star.? Clinton went on to win the next two gubernatorial elections in the state of Arkansas. In 1988 he had the possibility of a Democratic Party presidential nomination, but he refused to run. Finally, in 1991, Clinton announced that he was going to run for President of the United States. In the 1992 election, Bill Clinton ran against Republican incumbent George Herbert Walker Bush and independent Ross H. Perot. During the campaign, Bill met with some difficulty when the media discovered that he had dodged the Vietnam draft, been unfaithful to his spouse, and smoked marijuana while attending Oxford. Bill placated the liberal-biased media by saying that he didn't believe in the war, and he ?didn't inhale.? Opposition mounted when reporters discovered that Clinton and his wife, Hillary Rodham, whom he married in 1975, had made some questionable dealings over a piece of real estate referred to commonly as Whitewater. Despite the seemingly insurmountable odds, Clinton won the election, with 46% of voting Americans supporting him. Antonin Scalia, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was born March 11, 1936 in an Italian majority section of Trenton, New Jersey. His father, Eugene Scalia was a literary scholar and a professor of Romance Languages at Brooklyn College. His mother was an elementary school teacher. Scalia attended Xavier High School, a Catholic Military academy. He graduated, first in his class, in 1953. One of his good friends once said: ?He was brilliant, way above everybody else.? He later majored in History at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., where he again graduated first in his class. Soon after leaving Georgetown, he enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was known around the campus as an effective debater. From Harvard he earned an LL. B. Degree and in 1960 joined the Cleveland based law firm Jones, Day, Cockly and Reavis. He was one of the most straightforward conservatives on the staff and there too earned a reputation as a debater. Later, President Richard Nixon appointed Scalia to the position of Part-time General Counsel in Executive Office of Telecom Policy. He was confirmed by Congress under the Gerald Ford administration for the position of Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Justice Department's office of legal counsel. At that time his job was mostly to give advice to the Pres ident and the Attorney General. In 1977 he became a Professor at the University of Chicago Law School. Antonin Scalia is now an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. He took his oath in 1986 and is the first Italian-American Supreme Court Justice. He was part of President Ronald Reagan's effort to make the judiciary system more conservative. Mr. Scalia is

Benefits of Animal Experimentation essays

Benefits of Animal Experimentation essays Are we to let concern for the rights of pests cost human lives? The answer is a simple one-no. Animal research, although often the subject of debate is a positive thing. Without it, where would the world be? Tests certainly cannot be done on humans, for what human will risk his or her life if there is a more convenient and sensible option. Yes the animals endure pain and, at times, lose their lives but new advances are being made in that field as well. Studies are always being done to ensure the maximum safety and comfort for these subjects. Animal Testing-Good for Mankind or Violation of Rights? Animal testing-is it inapplicable? Many researchers shout yes; results received from small animals and rodents do not apply to humans. If this is so, then why have so many advances been made since the dawning of animal testing? Dozens of vaccines have been found not to mention antibiotics. Indeed, we cannot think of an area of medical research that does not owe many of its most important advances to animal experiments (Rowan, p.21). The main argument of animal research opponents is that animal tests are inapplicable. Animals and humans biologically differ from each other. So results from animal experiments cant be applied directly to humans (Chang, p.2). Other arguments include: Humane alternatives to much of animal research, such as tissue samples and computer models, already exist. Animals have rights. When engaging in animal research, they violate the rights of an animal to be free of unnatural diseases, injuries, or mental and behavioral problems (Chang, p.2). If cures are to be found, animal testing is necessary. In addition to discovering microorganisms, animal experimentation has led to significant medical findings related ...

Possessive Pronouns Formation and Usage

Possessive Pronouns Formation and Usage Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership of an item or an idea. Possessive pronouns are very similar to possessive adjectives and its easy to confuse the two. Here are some examples of possessive pronouns immediately followed by possessive adjectives that are different in structure, but similar in meaning. Possessive Pronouns Examples That dog is hers.That beautiful house on the hill is theirs.The two motorcycles parked over there are his. Possessive Adjective Examples Her dog is over there.Their house on the hill is beautiful.His two motorcycles are parked over there. The easiest way to make sure you are using a possessive pronoun is to notice the placement. Possessive pronouns are always placed at the end of a sentence. They are not placed directly before the noun they modify which is the case for other possessive forms. Possessive Pronoun Usage Possessive pronouns are used to indicate possession when pointing out something to someone. Sentences using possessive pronouns generally use other modifiers to point something out and claim ownership. Examples Whose car is that? Its mine. Its mine.Wheres their house? That house is theirs. Possessive pronouns  are only used when the object of possession (what is yours, hers, ours, etc.) is understood from the context. In other words, what is possessed is usually referred to in a previous statement. The possessive pronoun is then used to clarify to whom the object belongs. Here is a list of possessive pronouns. I - mineYou - yoursHe - hisShe - hersWe - oursYou - yoursThey - theirs Is this your lunch? - No, that one over there is mine.Whose tennis rackets are those? - Theyre yours!Whose house is it? - Its his.Do you know who that belongs to? - Its hers.This isnt your house. Its oursWhose cars are these? - Theyre yours.Whose dog is that? - Its theirs. Possessive nouns are also be used in the same manner as possessive pronouns when stating that something belongs to someone in particular. Examples Whose cell phone is that? - Its Johns.Who do these computers belong to? - Theyre our parents. Possessive Pronoun Checklist Possessive pronouns are used when the object of possession is understood from the contextPlace possessive pronouns directly at end of sentencesPossessive pronouns are very similar in usage to possessive adjectivesPossessive pronouns are used when the context is clear who is in possession of an objectNote the similarity in form between possessive pronouns and adjectives Use these resources for more detailed information on other individual possessive forms: Possessive Nouns - For example, Johns house, the bicycles color, etc.Possessive Adjectives - For example, our neighborhood, his niece, etc. This general guide to possessive forms quickly compares all three types of possessive forms.

Is the use of nostalgia in the media necessarily a conservative Essay

Is the use of nostalgia in the media necessarily a conservative impulse - Essay Example It helps the customers to easily remember and relate with past products or services, which in turn helps them to accept new or rebranded products. As a matter of fact, many companies or organizations are using nostalgia as a marketing strategy as a strategy to simultaneously reach out to new consumers and retain current consumers (Uten and Solomon, 2013). This has been triggered by the digitization of the world through technology, and the global economic trends. The global economy is highly competitive and hence there is need for retaining excellent past products, rebranding these products, as well as innovatively creating new products (Wheatley, 2007). The use of nostalgia as a marketing strategy helps in creating familiarity within the consumers and further creates curiosity to try new products or services from the same organizations or companies. The use of old products to usher in new or rebranded ones gives the consumers a sense of belonging and helps the customer to easily fami liarize and accept the new or rebranded products (Uten and Solomon, 2013). As much as there is a need to develop new products due to market competition, it is also important to relate new products with other past successful products and maintain the latter. The fashion industry has seen the development of great designs that have a conceptual vintage design (Tungate, 2008). Nostalgia has been highly used as a strategic marketing tool in advertisement, where is helps in reaching out to resident and new consumers who relate to successful past experiences with the product (Sprengler, 2009). This creates a sense of security, comfort and belonging and hence creates a strong foundation for marketers to advertise their products, which has led to mass media diversity, especially in advertisement. Pull media is a classification of traditional media, such as television, newspaper, or radio, where the consumer is willingly engaged (Bell

Choose one from the essay4 topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choose one from the essay4 topic - Essay Example McKeon sounds a bit more pragmatic since he informs us about how the separation of the household from the business enterprise has left a substantial impact in the materialization of the capitalism and the modern culture. It was, however, Bordo’s notion of male-body that I found most interesting. Bordo focuses upon the cultural and psychological understanding of the male body in the post-modern world. Her writing also provides a good deal of argument on the gender issues related to body exposure in a variety of media. Though the issues discussed by McKeon and Bordo are not directly relevant to the pedagogical issues, yet we can derive a theory of education out of what they have presented in their works. My concept of education before reading the three authors was somewhat different. The study I believed that education was all about teaching and learning and that a teacher had to play pivotal role in the pedagogical process. The notion of education cannot be limited to formal education. Students spend more time at home or at other places than in schools. Their learning is a continuing process, which involves a variety of factors. A child’s education starts from the lap of her/his mother and then the exposure to society, peers, media, and a number of other factors directly or indirectly teach the child how to live, behave, interact, and handle problems. I also believed that a student-centered and activity-based education is better than the teacher-based education which involves extensive lecturing. I believed that a teacher must follow reflective teaching which involves creativity, experimentation and melioration of the pedagogical process through flexibility and acceptance of new formal/informal methods of teaching. The most important thing, in my opinion, was joy of learning. An ideal teacher should strive hard to teach in an interactive manner and make the students enjoy while learning new concepts. The authors we read during the course have

Personal Fitness Notes Essay Example for Free

Personal Fitness Notes Essay †¢Why did you initially choose this diet? I chose this diet because it was recommended by a close friend of mines, who was also having trouble with his weight. I told me that the meals provided in the diet were really delicious and he was seeing an improvement. So I decided to give it a try. †¢What is the basic premise of this diet/eating plan? The premise of the diet was to help me lose weight with entrees and snacks that contained not so much calories. †¢What were two positive aspects of the diet? The positive aspects of the diet were that the food, which was sold as frozen entrees in supermarkets, was in fact amazing. †¢Were there any downsides to the diet plan? Explain. †¢Did you have success on this diet? I saw moderate success. It didn’t help me lose as much weight as I desired (I wanted to lose 50 pounds or more) but at least I shedded off a couple of pounds. †¢Are you still on the diet plan? I am not on the diet pan as of now. †¢Have you maintained your weight loss? Yes I have. I used to weigh 190 pounds and I’m at 173. †¢Do you feel the diet is safe? Why or why not? The diet is pretty safe because the caloric intake values are pretty decent and the meals are cost efficient. †¢Did you exercise while on the diet? I exercised here and there. I would go running a few times as well as bicycling. †¢Would you follow this diet plan again? Maybe, in the near future. Tell us what you think about the diet used by your interviewee. Explain your thoughts in a reflection paragraph. Compare the diet plan used by the interviewee with the Long Haul Approach that was explained earlier in the course. Which plan would you determine to be better? Please explain your choice. I think the diet was okay because she was able to purchase the meals for a low price instead of those other expensive diets. The Long Haul Approach would be a better diet since she didn’t exercise daily while on it. I believe that’s the reason why she didn’t lose as much weight she wanted to in the first place. The Long Haul Approach would’ve been a much more effective diet for her.

john wilde :: essays research papers

Art History John Wilde Gallery Paper Well walking through the gallery the only piece that stood out to me was John Wilde's piece "A Tribute to the Rubber Stamp #7" a silver point on paper. The piece itself has a very simple composition that contains a hand coming into the page from the left side about about a third of the way up the page. The arm has a shirt on with a pinstripe jacket over it. On the right side of the page is a six banded armadillo with a snail with wings. These animals are placed in the right third of the page. Behind the hand is very light mountain forms that peaks right above the hand and slowly slopes down to pretty much the center of the page and flows fairly flat and parallel with the hand. The mountains are the only thing with a sense of color in the piece, they are washed with a very subtle brown wash. The only other thing that has any sense of color is the armadillos shadow and thats extremely minimal. The armadillo and snail seem to be pretty much proportioned properly except that the armadillos tail is a little to long and the back side of the nail is too big. I think the wings that are on the back of the snail looks exactly like the Detroit Red Wings emblem, minus the color. Everything seems to be drawn graphicly except for the mountains that are drawn fairly loose. The palm of the hand has very good detail and it looks fairly realistic even without any shading. The armadillo and snail are drawn very well, there's a good amount of detail like the tiny hairs that come out of the front of the armadillos she right under its face, and the scale of the armadillo are are very good. The mountains split the composition and give the piece a background and a foreground. The way the mountains go through the page makes the background go back into space and the foreground come forward even though all it is, is wide open white space. another things the mountains do is take your eye from the left side of the page and slowly guides them to the right side, the hand also aids the composition in this almost pointing you towards the right side of the page towards the animals.

Organic Food Industry in India Essay

India today is on the threshold of an organic revolution and Indian Organic Food industry though at a nascent stage, has experienced steadfast growth in past few years. The country’s budding organic food market is transforming into world’s fastest growing organic food market backed by a shift in consumer behavior and spending patterns. Trends in the Industry Organic Food Stores New Varieties on offer Rising Investments Marketing Techniques Organic Food Industry has been blossoming in India. The industry to which overseas demand/exports was oxygen to breathe will be experiencing a colossal change in the consumption pattern in times to come. With growing health awareness among the people coupled with rising disposable incomes and support from Indian government, organic food will surely secure a permanent place in Indian households. Evolving perception of organic food from being a luxury only for elite to a necessity will drive the domestic consumption. Also, overseas demand for Indian organic food will remain robust and continue to drive the industry to rare heights. Indian Organic Food industry currently pegged at USD 189 million in 2011 is stated to grow at a CAGR of ~45%, to reach USD 1733 million by 2017. SCOPE OF THE REPORT Indian Organic Food Industry at a glance Emerging trends in the industry like organic food stores, Rising investments, Marketing techniques etc Demand Supply scenario encompassing production, demand & export numbers and projections Factors driving growth, Issues & Challenges Government Regulations & Initiatives in Indian market Major players Forecasts REASONS TO BUY To understand the various factors which are fuelling the growth and those which are/will be critical for the industry performance in the near term Comprehensive report covering all the aspects required to understand the industry performance and future prospects. The report elucidates the current market scenario of the industry and forecasts key parameters which helps to anticipate the industry performance A burgeoning organic market beckons to India’s rural farmers Indian farmers have started to reap dividends from their budding interest in organic farming. It wasn’t long back, around seven years ago, when Indian farmers started to go organic. In 2006-07, around 4. 32 lakh ha reported organic produce — a large portion came from wild and non-agricultural land — which has now reached around 11 lakh ha, as per the recent report ‘The World of Organic Agriculture, 2013’ by FiBL and IFOAM (Research Institute of Organic Agriculture and International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements). â€Å"The growth rate has reached around 20% per year, much higher than early expectations,† says Krishan Chandra, director, National Centre of Organic Farming. The current market for organic foods in India is pegged at Rs. 2,500 crore, which according to ASSOCHAM, is expected to reach Rs. 6,000 crore by 2015. It’ll still leave us at 1% of the global market. Thus, a huge potential is seen in the nascent Indian organic sector. â€Å"Apart from states like Sikkim or MP, we’re seeing a rising interest in Gujarat, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, UP and Bihar,† says Chandra. India outnumbers every other country in terms of organic producers — with an estimated 5,47,591. Organic products, which until now were mainly being exported, are now finding consumers in the domestic market. â€Å"Even Tier II cities like Nagpur, Allahabad, Gorakhpur and Bhatinda show an increase in organic consumption,† says Sunil Kumar, AGM at Morarka Rural Research Foundation. According to a survey of 1,000 consumers in ten cities done by Morarka Organic Foods, around 30% of Indian consumers preferred organic products and were even prepared to pay 10 to 20% more for them. â€Å"Soil abused by chemical fertiliser excesses takes more time to produce comparable yields. Although, the cost of organic cultivation is much less, reducing cost incurred in purchasing costly inputs,† says Rohitashwa Ghakar, Project Head, International Competence Centre for Organic Agriculture. * Regions reap their rewards North Growth: In UP, organic certification has gone up 36 fold in the last six years. The area under organic cultivation rose from 3,034 to 111,644 ha. However, most of the organic farming is under a corporate-farmer contract. In Haryana, with hardly any takers till 2008, organic crops today are produced in more than 10,000 ha. However, Punjab farmers have shown little interest. Of the total 4046 lakh ha of land under cultivation, only a minuscule portion 2104 ha is under organic farming. Popular organic crops: Nearly 40,000 farmers in UP are growing organic wheat, rice, pulses, maize, and numerous herbs like Tulsi, Ashwagandh, Aloe Vera. Haryana grows mostly vegetables like tomato, beans, or fruits like summer-squash, melons and mangoes. â€Å"Although I sell the produce in Delhi, most of it goes to retail chains†, says Kanwal Chauhan, a farmer in Sonepat. Challenges: Punjab State Farmers’ Commission consultant Dr PS Rangi feels that organic farming cannot feed the entire country. â€Å"One can grow vegetables or some wheat for personal use, but it can’t be grown on a large scale. † (By Pankaj Jaiswal, Rajesh Moudgil and Gurpreet Nibber) South Growth: In Kerala, at least 40 % of the farming is organic and the state is set to become the second fully organic state after Sikkim in 2016. From 7,000 ha in 2007, the state has spread organic cultivation to 16,000 ha. In Andhra Pradesh another 11,500 ha would be added to the current 4273. 54 ha this year. In Karnataka, under the organic programmes of the state, an area of 1,18,676 ha has seen organic farming benefiting around one lakh farmers, said R Anuradha, agriculture department. Popular organic crops: More than grains and pulses in Kerala organic farming is prevalent in cash crops, rice and vegetables. In Andhra’s smaller towns and villages, people are slowly shifting to organically grown rice, ragi and other millets. In Karnataka, crops like pepper, vanilla, coffee, nutmeg — which are not available in other parts of India — are a popular choice. Challenges: In large tracts of the state’s tribal belt like Karnataka and AP, the farmers have engaged in slash/burn farming for generations and do not use any pesticide or fertilizer. There have been no efforts to take this into account. (By Ramesh Babu, Ashok Das and Naveen Ammembala) North East Growth: 30. 92 lakh ha out of the net cultivated area of 43 lakh ha in the region have never seen the use of chemical fertilisers. Almost 89% of farmland is categorised as organic in Mizoram, which passed an Organic Act in 2004. Whereas Meghalaya, a major strawberry producer, eyes a turnout of 500 MT from the current 250 MT a year. Popular organic crops: Much of the area in the region is taken up by paddy, vegetables and fruits such as grapes. The more prosperous farmers are into cultivation of medicinal plants, rose and anthurium, primarily for export. â€Å"Mizoram has become the largest anthurium flower producer in India, owing to almost 98% of women anthurium growers,† said Samuel Rosanglura of Mizoram’s horticulture department. Challenges: Most state governments promote vermi-compost and manure in the region since bio-fertilisers and bio-pesticides are difficult to access. (By Rahul Karmakar) West Growth: Gujarat has seen substantial growth in organic farming. It currently utilises around 42,000 ha under organic farming. Maharashtra has been a front runner in organic farming with around 6. 5 lakh ha under it, a huge rise from 18,786 ha in 2005-06. In Rajasthan, there has been a ten-fold increase. From around 22,000 ha in 2005-06, the state has taken a leap to 2,17,712 ha. Popular organic crops: Gujarat grows organic wheat, pulses and fruits like mango, chikoo and papaya. While cotton, turmeric, ginger are some crops grown in Rajasthan. In Maharashtra, cotton, cereals, fruits dominate the organic farming scene. The state has initiated a pilot project to grow grapes that will produce organic wine. Challenges: â€Å"Tribals who hardly use chemical fertilisers are left out of organic benefits,† says Kapil Shah of Jatan Trust that promotes organic farming. (By Mahesh Langa) Yoav Lev was a 22-year-old backpacker when he first came to India in 1987. A graduate from an agricultural boarding school in Israel, he came seeking inner peace from his ‘spiritual guru’, the late H. W. L. Poonja of Lucknow, better known as Papaji. â€Å"The quest was to find my true purpose and true self,† he says. He eventually stayed on in India, taking on a new name, Bharat Mitra, and is currently the Founder and President of Organic India, one of India’s leading organic foods companies. It ended 2012 with Rs 60 crore revenues and hopes to reach Rs 90 crore this year, with about half of its sales in India. Five years ago, 75 per cent of our revenue came from exports and the rest from the domestic market. Now both markets have equal share:Raj Seelam Photo: A Prabhakar Rao Organic foods are those made from agricultural products grown without the use of pesticides or chemical fertilisers. It was from Papaji that Lev learnt the healing power of tulsi (basil plant). By 1997, he had begun cultivating three types of tulsi organically in Azamgarh in eastern Uttar Pradesh. In 2006 he launched Organic India with tulsi tea as its flagship product. Today, the company makes 18 different flavours of tulsi tea and 33 different herbal formulations or supplements, which are said to have medicinal value. He is gearing up to launch a complete range of organic food items, including rice and pulses. â€Å"We are in the final stages of a very promising joint venture to launch a comprehensive range of products both for the Indian market and for exports,† says Lev. He prefers not to reveal the name of the well known Indian company he is negotiating with. Lev is not alone. A clutch of entrepreneurs in India is betting big on the domestic organic food market . Consider Raj Seelam, an Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad alumnus. When Lev first took up tulsi cultivation, some 1,200 km down south in Hyderabad, Seelam was still selling pesticides and fertilisers. From 1988 to 2000, he worked in the farm inputs division of E. I. D Parry, a Murugappa Group company, one of the largest industrial groups in India. â€Å"It gave me a chance to interact closely with farmers and see the havoc that indiscriminate use of pesticides can create,† he says. This spurred him to consider organic farming, even though he was aware agribusinesses rarely succeed in India, because of low margins and excessive government control. Today, his company, Sresta Natural Bioproducts, sells a range of 200 organic products in India and overseas from rice, pulses, sugar, and juices to breakfast cereals and jams. â€Å"Five years ago, 75 per cent of our revenue came from exports and the balance from the domestic market. Now both markets have equal share,† he says. Indeed, the demand for organic foods in India has seen a sharp growth in recent years. While earlier, organic food producers primarily aimed at exports to Europe and the United States, there is now a gradual shift. â€Å"The demand for organic foods has been growing and today we stock a range of around 38 different organic foods in 40 stores as against just about half a dozen stores three years ago,† says S. Jagdish Krishnan, Chief Operating Officer of the retail and bakery divisions of Heritage Foods, an organic food company with a big presence in Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad. Most of the big retail chains now stock organic products, including Godrej Nature’s Basket, Hyper City, Food Bazaar, More, Nilgiris, Spencers and Tesco – Starbazar. While no of-ficial figures are available, industry estimates put the organic food market within India at close to Rs 100 crore, having grown five-fold in the last six years. When Seelam began organic cultivation in 2004, not a single domestic retailer was willing to stock his products. They feared stocks would not move, since organic foods are significantly more expensive than conventional foods. That is partly due to higher processing costs, since they choose to eschew chemical additives, as well as higher packaging costs, to ensure a reasonably long shelf life. A kilo of Sona Masuri rice, a well known brand, for instance, sells at Rs 40 per kg while organic rice of the same variety costs Rs 60 per kg. Again, tur dal (a commonly used variety of pulses in India) is available at Rs 90 per kg while its organic version costs Rs 140 per kg. This is despite the doubling of prices of these commodities in the past three years, while the organic variants have stayed at almost the same price levels. Seelam was forced to focus on exports. But unwilling to give up on the local market, he set up his own retail stores in four cities – Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune and Chennai – to promote organic products. Today, almost every major retail outlet is willing to stock his products. He has a presence in close to 40 cities and towns, ranging from Patiala in the north to Guntur in the south, and broke even last year. So, why have domestic consumers taken to organic foods despite their cost? Mukesh Gupta, Director of Morarka Organic, which mainly focuses on the domestic market, attributes it to rising disposable incomes and improved awareness about the health benefits of organic foods. â€Å"From 2007 to 2012, the average middle class income in India has shot up. The consumer is willing to pay more for good quality food,† he says. Between 2007 and 2012, the average middle class income in India has shot up. The consumer is willing to pay more for goodquality food: Mukesh Gupta Photo: Vivan Mehra/www. indiatodayimages. com The demand for organic foods will only grow in India, organic food producers claim, with the implementation of the Food Safety and Standards Act from February this year. The new law sets more stringent standards of food safety – raising the bar on the quality of food manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import. The stress on quality under the new Act will push up prices of foodstuff made using conventional techniques, reducing the price differential with organic food, and boosting sales, asserts Gupta. However, consumers would do well to ensure that they only buy certified organic products, say producers. Organic food products manufactured in and exported from India are marked with the ‘India Organic’ certification mark issued by certification agencies accredited under the the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) and monitored by the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA). Most of the ing organic food companies in India voluntarily opt for this certification, though it is not mandatory for domestic sales. â€Å"The demand for certified organic foods has been growing since 2001. These are produced by about 570,000 small farmers in India with 500,000 hectares under cultivation,† says National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) Organic products are grown under a system of agriculture without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible approach. This is a method of farming that works at grass root level preserving the reproductive and regenerative capacity of the soil, good plant nutrition, and sound soil management, produces nutritious food rich in vitality which has resistance to diseases. India is bestowed with lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic products due to its various agro climatic regions. In several parts of the country, the inherited tradition of organic farming is an added advantage. This holds promise for the organic producers to tap the market which is growing steadily in the domestic market related to the export market. Currently, India ranks 33rd in terms of total land under organic cultivation and 88th position for agriculture land under organic crops to total farming area. The cultivated land under certification is around 4. 43 million Ha ( 2010-11). The Government of India has implemented the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). The national programme involves the accreditation programme for certification bodies, norms for organic production, promotion of organic farming etc. The NPOP standards for production and accreditation system have been recognized by European Commission and Switzerland as equivalent to their country standards. Similarly, USDA has recognized NPOP conformity assessment procedures of accreditation as equivalent to that of US. With these recognitions, Indian organic products duly certified by the accredited certification bodies of India are accepted by the importing countries. PRODUCTION India produced around 3. 88 million MT of certified organic products which includes all varieties of food products namely Basmati rice, Pulses, Honey, Tea, Spices, Coffee, Oil Seeds, Fruits, Processed food, Cereals, Herbal medicines and there value added products. The production is not limited to the edible sector but also produces organic cotton fiber, garments, cosmetics, functional food products, body care products, etc. EXPORTS India exported 86 items last year (2010-11) with the total volume of 69837 MT. The export realization was around 157. 22 million US $ registering a 33% growth over the previous year. Organic products are mainly exported to EU, US, Australia, Canada, Japan, Switzerland, South Africa and Middle East. Oil Crops (except Sesame) leads among the products exported (17966 MT).